Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱérh₂sō

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From an s-stem *ḱérh₂-os ~ *ḱŕ̥h₂-es-os, from *ḱerh₂- (“head, horn”), +‎ *-ō.

Noun

*ḱérh₂sō m

1. (top of the) head

   Synonyms: *gʰébʰōl, *kap-

2. skull

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*ḱérh₂sō
genitive	*ḱr̥h₂snés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ḱérh₂sō	*ḱérh₂sonh₁(e)	*ḱérh₂sones
vocative	*ḱérh₂son	*ḱérh₂sonh₁(e)	*ḱérh₂sones
accusative	*ḱérh₂sonm̥	*ḱérh₂sonh₁(e)	*ḱérh₂sonm̥s
genitive	*ḱr̥h₂snés	*?	*ḱr̥h₂snóHom
ablative	*ḱr̥h₂snés	*?	*ḱr̥h₂sn̥mós, *ḱr̥h₂sn̥bʰós
dative	*ḱr̥h₂snéy	*?	*ḱr̥h₂sn̥mós, *ḱr̥h₂sn̥bʰós
locative	*ḱr̥h₂sén, *ḱr̥h₂séni	*?	*ḱr̥h₂sn̥sú
instrumental	*ḱr̥h₂snéh₁	*?	*ḱr̥h₂sn̥mís, *ḱr̥h₂sn̥bʰís

Related terms

• *ḱérh₂ō (“horn”)
• *ḱr̥h₂sḗr (“hornet”)

Coordinate terms

• *h₂énts (“forehead”)
• *mregʰ- (“brain; brainpan”)

Derived terms

• *ḱroh₂-s-n-om
  • Proto-Albanian: *krōna
    • Albanian: krye, kry, krie, kreje — Gheg
• *ḱr̥h₂-s-n-(i)yo-
  • Proto-Germanic: *hirzniją (“brain”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *krəhníon
    • Ancient Greek: κρᾱνίον (krāníon, “upper part of the head, skull”) (denominative) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Tocharian:
    • Tocharian B: krāñiye (“nape of the neck”)

Descendants

• Proto-Germanic: *hersô, *herznô (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Hellenic: *kárahə, genitive *krahətós, plural *kárahna
  • Ancient Greek: κᾰ́ρᾱ (kárā), κράς (krás)

    Epic, Ionic Greek: κᾰ́ρη (kárē)

    • ⇒ κάρηνον (kárēnon, “head, mountain top”)
  • Mycenaean Greek: 𐀏𐀨𐀀𐀠 (ka-ra-a-pi /⁠kraʰat-pʰi⁠/, inst.pl.)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥Hsá
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śr̥Hsá
    • Vedic Sanskrit: शीर्षन् (śīrṣán)