Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂éwis

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Pooth argues that *h₂éwis and *h₂ówis (“sheep”) are related and both from a root *h₂ew- (“dress, be dressed, clothe oneself”).^[1] *h₂éwis would mean "the one who is clothed (in feathers)", and *h₂ówis "the one that produces clothing (from wool)", the latter having detransitive or middle meaning marked by *o.

Noun

*h₂éwis f^[2]^[3]

bird

Inflection

Athematic, proterokinetic
	singular
nominative	*h₂éwis
genitive	*h₂wéys
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₂éwis	*h₂éwih₁(e)	*h₂éweyes
vocative	*h₂éwi	*h₂éwih₁(e)	*h₂éweyes
accusative	*h₂éwim	*h₂éwih₁(e)	*h₂éwims
genitive	*h₂wéys	*?	*h₂wéyoHom
ablative	*h₂wéys	*?	h₂wímos, h₂wíbʰos
dative	*h₂wéyey	*?	h₂wímos, h₂wíbʰos
locative	h₂wéy, h₂wḗy	*?	*h₂wísu
instrumental	*h₂wíh₁	*?	h₂wímis, h₂wíbʰis

Derived terms

*h₂ōwy-ó-m (“egg”, vṛddhi-derivative)^[4]
*h₂wéy-teh₂ (< genitive *h₂wéys)
- Proto-Albanian: *weitā
  - Albanian: vito, vida (“dove”)
*h₂wís-teh₂ (< s-stem)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wíštā
  - Latgalian: vysta
  - Latvian: vista (“chicken, hen”)
  - Lithuanian: višta (“chicken, hen”)
  - Samogitian: vėšta
*(s)h₂wy-etó-s^[5]
- Proto-Celtic: *(s)awyetos (“duck”)
  - Proto-Brythonic: *swɨad^[5]
    - Middle Breton: houat
      - Breton: houad
    - Old Cornish: hoet
      - Cornish: hos
    - Middle Welsh: hwyat
      - Welsh: hwyad
  - Irish: aoi
- Proto-Hellenic: *awjetós^[6]
  - Ancient Greek: *αἴϝετος (*aíwetos)^[6]
    early Attic Greek: αἰετός (aietós)
    
    Attic Greek: ᾱ̓ετός (āetós, “eagle”)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Albanian: *sjāutā^[7]
- Albanian: shotë (“big duck”)
Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: οἰωνός (oiōnós)
  - Greek: οιωνός (oionós)

Descendants

Proto-Armenian:
- Old Armenian: հաւ (haw, “bird; hen”)
  - Armenian: հավ (hav), հավք (havkʻ)
  - ⇒ Old Georgian: ჰავით ზმნაჲ (havit zmnay, “fortune-telling using a chicken, bird”), ჰავის-ზმნაჲ (havis-zmnay, “sorcery, witchery”)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hwíš (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Italic: *awis^[5] (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Pooth, Roland A. (2015), “Proto-Indo-European Nominal Morphology. Part 1. The Noun”, in Language Arts 1‎^[1], page 38
^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 143: “*hₐewei- 'bird'”
^ Václav Blažek; Douglas Q. Adams (2022), “Indo-European ‘bird’”, in The Journal of Indo-European Studies‎^[2], volume 50, numbers 3-4, →ISSN
^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 143: “*hₐō(w)i-om 'egg'”
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “avis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 65-66
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “αίετός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 35
^ Oryol, Vladimir E. (1998), “shotë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 75: “*sjāutā”

[1] Pooth, Roland A. (2015), “Proto-Indo-European Nominal Morphology. Part 1. The Noun”, in Language Arts 1‎^[1], page 38

[2] Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 143: “*hₐewei- 'bird'”

[3] Václav Blažek; Douglas Q. Adams (2022), “Indo-European ‘bird’”, in The Journal of Indo-European Studies‎^[2], volume 50, numbers 3-4, →ISSN

[4] Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 143: “*hₐō(w)i-om 'egg'”

[DeVaan-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “avis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 65-66

[Beekes-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “αίετός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 35

[7] Oryol, Vladimir E. (1998), “shotë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 75: “*sjāutā”

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