Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/meyth₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Possibly derived from *mey-, also reconstructed as *h₂mey-.

Root

*meyth₂-

1. to change
2. to exchange
3. to remove, send

Alternative reconstructions

• *meytH-

Reconstruction notes

• There is some confusion with *(h₂)mey- (“to change, exchange”). Whether they are truly two unrelated roots is debated. See de Vaan (2008:399) for some discussion. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
• The sense “to send away, remove” may have developed out of “to give in exchange”.

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *meyth₂- (22 c, 0 e)

• *méyth₂-e-ti (thematic root present)
  • Proto-Germanic: *mīþaną (“to avoid”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *máytʰati
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *máytʰati
      • Sanskrit: मेथति (méthati, “to alternate; to become hostile, quarrel”), मेथेते (methete)
  • Proto-Italic: *meitō
    • Latin: mittō (< *mītō) (see there for further descendants)
• *mi-móyth₂-e
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mimáytʰa
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mimáytʰa
      • Sanskrit: मिमेथ (mimetha)
• *moyth₂-éye-ti (causative)
  • Proto-Germanic: *maidijaną (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *maytʰáyati
    • Proto-Iranian: *maytʰáyati
      • ⇒ Khotanese: [script needed] (ha-mīhäte, “to change”) (with *ha-)
  • Proto-Italic: *moitjō
    • ⇒? Latin: mūtō (see below for alternative) (see there for further descendants)
• *meyth₂-mo-s
  • Proto-Italic: *meitmos
    • South Picene: meitims (“monument”)
• *móyth₂-mo-s
  • Proto-Germanic: *maiþmaz (“gift”) (see there for further descendants)
• *moyth₂-o-s
  • >? Proto-Hellenic: *móitos
    • Ancient Greek: μοῖτος (moîtos, “reward, thanks”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *máytʰas
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *maytʰás
      • Sanskrit: मिथस् (mithás, “opposite, in opposition”)
    • Proto-Iranian: *maytʰah
      • Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬉𐬚𐬁 (maēθā, “deviating, changeable”), 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬋 (miθō, “wrongly,falsely”) , 𐬁𐬨𐬋𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬭𐬁 (āmōiiastrā, “changes of events”), 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬀 (miθa, “false”), 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬡𐬀 (miθβa, “paired”), 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬡𐬀𐬥𐬀 (miθβana, “paired”)
      • Proto-Iranian: *máytʰah-wā́čah, *máytʰah-ūxtáh
        • Avestan: 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬀𐬵𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬗𐬀𐬵 (miθahuuacah, “speaking falsely”), 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬏𐬑𐬙𐬀 (miθūxta, “false words”)
          • → Middle Persian: [script needed] (mēhūxt, “Mihuxt, false speaking demon”)
            • Persian: میهوخت (mihuxt, “Mihuxt demon in Zoroastrian mythology”)
  • Proto-Italic: *moitos
    • ⇒ Latin: mūtō (see there for further descendants)
  • ⇒? Proto-Italic: *moitwos
    • Latin: mūtuus (see there for further descendants)
• *moyth₂-to-m
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • Proto-Slavic: *město (see there for further descendants)
• *mith₂-tó-s
  • Proto-Germanic: *missaz (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *missos
    • Latin: missus (see there for further descendants)
• *mith₂-tis
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • Proto-Slavic: *mьstь
      • ⇒ Proto-Slavic: *mьstiti (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations

• Balto-Slavic:
  • Latvian: mît
• Indo-Iranian:
  • Indo-Aryan:
    • Sanskrit: मिथति (mitháti, “to alternate”)
    • Sanskrit: मिथुन (mithuná, “paired, copulate”)
    • Sanskrit: मिथु (míthu, míthū, “alternately; inversely; perversely; falsely”)
    • Sanskrit: मिथ्या (mithyā́, mithuyā́, mithūyā́, “alternately; inversely; perversely; falsely”)
• Proto-Slavic: *mitě
  • Old Church Slavonic: митѣ (mitě)