Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pléth₂us
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From *pleth₂- (“flat”) + *-us (Caland system suffix).
Adjective
[edit]*pléth₂us[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
Inflection
[edit]Older proterokinetic pattern:
| Athematic, proterokinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *pléth₂us | *pl̥th₂éwih₂ | |
| genitive | *pl̥th₂éws | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *pléth₂us | *pléth₂uh₁(e) | *pléth₂ewes |
| vocative | *pléth₂u | *pléth₂uh₁(e) | *pléth₂ewes |
| accusative | *pléth₂um | *pléth₂uh₁(e) | *pléth₂ums |
| genitive | *pl̥th₂éws | *? | *pl̥th₂éwoHom |
| ablative | *pl̥th₂éws | *? | *pl̥th₂úmos, *pl̥th₂úbʰos |
| dative | *pl̥th₂éwey | *? | *pl̥th₂úmos, *pl̥th₂úbʰos |
| locative | *pl̥th₂éw, *pl̥th₂éwi | *? | *pl̥th₂úsu |
| instrumental | *pl̥th₂úh₁ | *? | *pl̥th₂úmis, *pl̥th₂úbʰis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *pl̥th₂éwih₂ | *pl̥th₂éwih₂h₁(e) | *pl̥th₂éwih₂es |
| vocative | *pl̥th₂éwih₂ | *pl̥th₂éwih₂h₁(e) | *pl̥th₂éwih₂es |
| accusative | *pl̥th₂éwih₂m̥ | *pl̥th₂éwih₂h₁(e) | *pl̥th₂éwih₂m̥s |
| genitive | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂s | *? | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂oHom |
| ablative | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂s | *? | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂mos, *pl̥th₂uyéh₂bʰos |
| dative | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂ey | *? | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂mos, *pl̥th₂uyéh₂bʰos |
| locative | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂, *pl̥th₂uyéh₂i | *? | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂su |
| instrumental | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂h₁ | *? | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂mis, *pl̥th₂uyéh₂bʰis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *pléth₂u | *pléth₂wih₁ | *pléth₂uh₂ |
| vocative | *pléth₂u | *pléth₂wih₁ | *pléth₂uh₂ |
| accusative | *pléth₂u | *pléth₂wih₁ | *pléth₂uh₂ |
| genitive | *pl̥th₂éws | *? | *pl̥th₂éwoHom |
| ablative | *pl̥th₂éws | *? | *pl̥th₂úmos, *pl̥th₂úbʰos |
| dative | *pl̥th₂éwey | *? | *pl̥th₂úmos, *pl̥th₂úbʰos |
| locative | *pl̥th₂éw, *pl̥th₂éwi | *? | *pl̥th₂úsu |
| instrumental | *pl̥th₂úh₁ | *? | *pl̥th₂úmis, *pl̥th₂úbʰis |
Later hysterokinetic pattern:
| Athematic, hysterokinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *pl̥th₂ús | *pl̥th₂éwih₂ | |
| genitive | *pl̥th₂éws | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *pl̥th₂ús | *pl̥th₂úh₁(e) | *pl̥th₂úes |
| vocative | *pl̥th₂ú | *pl̥th₂úh₁(e) | *pl̥th₂úes |
| accusative | *pl̥th₂úm | *pl̥th₂úh₁(e) | *pl̥th₂úms |
| genitive | *pl̥th₂éws | *? | *pl̥th₂éwoHom |
| ablative | *pl̥th₂éws | *? | *pl̥th₂éwmos, *pl̥th₂éwbʰos |
| dative | *pl̥th₂éwey | *? | *pl̥th₂éwmos, *pl̥th₂éwbʰos |
| locative | *pl̥th₂éw, *pl̥th₂éwi | *? | *pl̥th₂éwsu |
| instrumental | *pl̥th₂éwh₁ | *? | *pl̥th₂éwmis, *pl̥th₂éwbʰis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *pl̥th₂éwih₂ | *pl̥th₂éwih₂h₁(e) | *pl̥th₂éwih₂es |
| vocative | *pl̥th₂éwih₂ | *pl̥th₂éwih₂h₁(e) | *pl̥th₂éwih₂es |
| accusative | *pl̥th₂éwih₂m̥ | *pl̥th₂éwih₂h₁(e) | *pl̥th₂éwih₂m̥s |
| genitive | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂s | *? | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂oHom |
| ablative | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂s | *? | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂mos, *pl̥th₂uyéh₂bʰos |
| dative | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂ey | *? | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂mos, *pl̥th₂uyéh₂bʰos |
| locative | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂, *pl̥th₂uyéh₂i | *? | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂su |
| instrumental | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂h₁ | *? | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂mis, *pl̥th₂uyéh₂bʰis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *pl̥th₂ú | *pl̥th₂úyh₁ | *pl̥th₂úh₂ |
| vocative | *pl̥th₂ú | *pl̥th₂úyh₁ | *pl̥th₂úh₂ |
| accusative | *pl̥th₂ú | *pl̥th₂úyh₁ | *pl̥th₂úh₂ |
| genitive | *pl̥th₂éws | *? | *pl̥th₂éwoHom |
| ablative | *pl̥th₂éws | *? | *pl̥th₂éwmos, *pl̥th₂éwbʰos |
| dative | *pl̥th₂éwey | *? | *pl̥th₂éwmos, *pl̥th₂éwbʰos |
| locative | *pl̥th₂éw, *pl̥th₂éwi | *? | *pl̥th₂éwsu |
| instrumental | *pl̥th₂éwh₁ | *? | *pl̥th₂éwmis, *pl̥th₂éwbʰis |
Derived terms
[edit]- *pl̥th₂-éwih₂ (“country”, feminine substantive)[8][9]
Descendants
[edit]- Armenian: (+ Old Armenian յ- (y-))
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *platús (with unexpected *o-grade) (see there for further descendants)
- (perhaps) Proto-Germanic: *flataz (“flat”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *plətús
- Ancient Greek: πλᾰτύς (platús) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pr̥tʰúš (see there for further descendants)
References
[edit]- ^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*pleth₂-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 564-566
- ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, pages 83, 133, 539
- ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “flata-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 145
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “platus”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 362
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*flitano-, *flitawī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 135
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πλατύς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1205
- ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “yałtʿ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 487-488
- ^ West, M. L. (2007) Indo-European Poetry and Myth, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, pages 178–179
- ^ cf. also Calin, Didier (2017) “earth”, in Dictionary of Indo-European Poetic and Religious Themes (Linguistique; 3), Les Cent Chemins, →ISBN, pages 74–76, s.v. “BROAD EARTH — PIE *pálhi/pláthu/wéru dʰég̑ʰōm”