Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hacangáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Alternative forms

• *Hacanáh

Etymology

Perhaps from earlier *Hacanáh (compare Old Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬇𐬥𐬋 (asə̄nō)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Haćanás, genitive singular of *Háćmā (“stone”). Cognate with Sanskrit अशन् (áśan), अश्नस् (áśnas), अश्ना (áśnā, “stone”, instr.).

Noun

*Hacangáh

1. stone, rock
2. weight

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*Hacangáh	*Hacangā́	*Hacangā́
vocative	*Hacanga	*Hacangā́	*Hacangā́
accusative	*Hacangám	*Hacangā́	*Hacangā́nh
instrumental	*Hacangā́	*HacangáybyaH	*Hacangā́yš
ablative	*Hacangā́t	*HacangáybyaH	*Hacangáybyah
dative	*Hacangā́y	*HacangáybyaH	*Hacangáybyah
genitive	*Hacangáhya	*Hacangáyāh	*Hacangā́nam
locative	*Hacangáy	*Hacangáyaw	*Hacangáyšu

Related terms

• *Hácmā
• *Hacrah

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Old Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬇𐬥𐬋 (asə̄nō)
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬆𐬥𐬔𐬀 (asənga)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Scythian:
    • Khotanese: [script needed] (sam̥ggä)
    • Ossetian:

      Digor Ossetian: дзӕнхъа (ʒænqa), дзӕгъгъа (ʒæǧǧa)

      Iron Ossetian: дзӕнгъа (ʒænǧa)

  • Sogdo-Bactrian:
    • Bactrian: ασαγγο (asaggo /⁠asaŋg⁠/)
    • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (snk)
    • Proto-Sogdic:
      • Sogdian: (/⁠śaṁg(ā)⁠/)

        Buddhist: [script needed] (snk), [script needed] (snk')

        Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫗𐫃 (sng)

        Sogdian script: 𐼼𐼻𐼲 (snɣ) (Christian)

      • Yagnobi: sánk, sánka, sang
• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Ishkashimi: [script needed] (sůng)
  • Sanglechi: [script needed] (song)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Baluchi: سنگ (sing, sang)
  • Caspian:
    • Gilaki: سنگ (səng)
    • Shahmirzadi: سنگ (sang)
  • Kurdish:

    Northern Kurdish: seng (“weight”)

    Central Kurdish: سەنگ (seng, “weight”)

    ⇒ Central Kurdish: سەنگاندن (sengandin), ھەڵ-سەنگاندن (hell-sengandin, “to weigh, compare, evaluate”)

  • Old Median: *asangah
    • Middle Median: *sang
      • Kermanic: سنگ (seng, sang, säng), سینگ (sēng)
      • Proto-Tatic:
        • Talysh:

          Northern Talysh: سق (sığ)

        • Old Tati:

          Old Azari: سغ (sağ)

          • Karingani: saǧ, sax
          • Harzani: səǧ
    • → Elamite:

      Achaemenid Elamite: 𒀾𒃻𒀭𒋡 (áš-šá-an-ka₄ /⁠ášanka⁠/)

  • Parthian: (/⁠asang⁠/)

    Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫘𐫗𐫃 (ʾsng), 𐫀𐫘𐫗𐫗𐫃 (ʾsnng)

  • Semnani:
    • Lasgerdi: سنگ (sang)
    • Sangisari: سنگ (sang)
    • Semnani: [script needed] (song)
    • Sorkhei: [script needed] (sɒng)
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Larestani–Gulf:
    • Larestani: سنگ (sang)
    • Southwestern Fars: سنگ (sæng)
  • Old Persian: 𐎠𐎰𐎥 (a-θ-g /⁠aθaⁿga⁠/)
    • Middle Persian: (/⁠sang⁠/)

      Book Pahlavi script: 𐮽𐮵𐯋𐮲 (sng), [script needed] (KYPA)

      • Bakhtiari: سنگ (sang)
      • Classical Persian: سنگ (sang)
        • Coptic: ⲃⲁⲥⲛϭ (basnc)
        • → Hindustani:

          Hindi: संग (saṅg)

          Urdu: سنگ (saṅg)

        • Ottoman Turkish: سنگ (seng)
        • → Punjabi:

          Gurmukhi script: ਸੰਗ (saṅg)

          Shahmukhi script: سنگ (saṅg)

    • Zazaki: si(g)