Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/bráHtā

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰráHtā, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.

Noun

*bráHtā m

1. brother

Inflection

consonant stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*bráHtā	*bráHtarā(w)	*bráHtarah
vocative	*bráHtar	*bráHtarā(w)	*bráHtarah
accusative	*bráHtaram	*bráHtarā(w)	*bráHθrah
instrumental	*bráHθraH	*bráHtr̥bʰyā(m)	*bráHtr̥bʰiš
ablative	*bráHtr̥š	*bráHtr̥bʰyā(m)	*bráHtr̥bʰyaH
dative	*bráHθray	*bráHtr̥bʰyā(m)	*bráHtr̥bʰyaH
genitive	*bráHtr̥š	*bráHtr̥Hāh	*bráHθraHam
locative	*bráHtari	*bráHtr̥Haw	*bráHtr̥hu

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Avestan: 𐬠𐬭𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (brātar)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Proto-Scythian: *brātē
    • Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *βrādē
      • Proto-Saka: *brāδē
        • Khotanese: 𑀩𑁆𑀭𑀸𑀢𑁂 (brāte)
        • Tumshuqese: [script needed] (brāḏe)
    • Proto-Sarmatian: *ᵊβrāde
      • Alanic: *𐞃rβade
        • Ossetian:
          • Digor Ossetian: ӕрвадӕ (ærvadæ)
          • Iron Ossetian: ӕрвад (ærvad)
  • Sogdo-Bactrian:
    • Bactrian: βραδο (brado /⁠βrād⁠/), βαραδο (barado /⁠βᵊrād⁠/)
    • Khwarezmian: 𐾲𐿂𐾰𐾴 (βrʾd /⁠βrād⁠/)
    • Proto-Sogdic: *βrāt
      • Sogdian: (/ᵊβrāt(ər)/)

        Buddhist: [script needed] (βrʾt), [script needed] (ʾβrʾtr)

        Christian: ܒܪܐܬ (brʾṯ)

        Manichaean script: 𐫂𐫡𐫀𐫤 (βrʾt)

        Sogdian script: 𐼱𐽀𐼰𐽂 (βrʾt)

      • Yaghnobi: vⁱrṓt
• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Pashto: ورور (wror), رور (ror)
  • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: *vᵊrǣd
    • Proto-Munji-Yidgha: *vᵊrə̄y
      • Munji: [script needed] (vᵊrâi)
      • Yidgha: [script needed] (vrai)
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami: *vᵊrǣd
      • Proto-Shughni-Roshani: *vⁱröd
        • Shughni: вирод (virōd)
        • Sarikoli: virud
      • Yazghulami: вред (vred), вәред (vəred)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Baluchi: برات (brát), براس (brás)
  • Kurdish

    Northern Kurdish: bira, bra

    Central Kurdish: برا (bra)

    Southern Kurdish: برا (bra)

    Laki: برا (bra)

  • Mazanderani: برار (birâr)
  • Old Median:
    • Middle Median:
      • Kermanic:
        • Khunsari: برا (birā́)
        • Mahallati: برا (berā), برو (birṓ)
        • Nayini: بییار (bīyā́r), بیار (bīā́r)
  • Parthian:

    Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫡𐫀𐫅 (brʾd /⁠brād⁠/), 𐫁𐫡𐫀𐫅𐫡 (brʾdr /⁠brādar⁠/)

  • Old Tati:
    • Vafsi: برا (berā)
  • Zazaki: bıra
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Old Persian: 𐎲𐎼𐎠𐎫𐎠 (b-r-a-t-a /⁠brātā⁠/)
    • Middle Persian:

      Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫡𐫀𐫅 (brʾd /⁠brād⁠/), 𐫁𐫡𐫀𐫅𐫡 (brʾdr /⁠brādar⁠/)

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (AH), [Book Pahlavi needed] (blʾt' /⁠brād⁠/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (blʾtl' /⁠brādar⁠/)

      • Classical Persian: برادر (barādar)

        Dari: برادر (birādar, barādar), بیادر (biyādar)

        Hazaragi: برار (birṓr)

        Iranian Persian: برادر (barâdar)

        Tajik: бародар (barodar)

        → Ottoman Turkish: برادر (birader), براذر (bürazer, birazer), պիրատէր (birader) — Armeno-Turkish

        • Turkish: birader, biladar, bilader, bilâzer, bilezer (dialectal)
        • → Albanian: birazer, byrazer, bilazer, birazel, burazer
        • →⇒ Armenian: Պիլեզերյան (Pilezeryan), Պիլզերյան (Pilzeryan)
        • →⇒ Bulgarian: Билезер (Bilezer), Билезеров (Bilezerov), Билядеров (Biljaderov)
        • → Macedonian: бӱра́зер (Southern Albania)
        • → Serbo-Croatian: бура́зер / burázer

      Northern Luri: برار (berar)