Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/jr̥Hanyam

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰr̥Hanyam.

Noun

*jr̥Hanyam

1. gold

Inflection

neuter a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*jŕ̥Hanyam	*jŕ̥Hanyay	*jŕ̥HanyaH
vocative	*jŕ̥Hanyam	*jŕ̥Hanyay	*jŕ̥HanyaH
accusative	*jŕ̥Hanyam	*jŕ̥Hanyay	*jŕ̥HanyaH
instrumental	*jŕ̥Hanyā	*jŕ̥HanyaybyaH	*jŕ̥Hanyāyš
ablative	*jŕ̥Hanyāt	*jŕ̥HanyaybyaH	*jŕ̥Hanyaybyah
dative	*jŕ̥Hanyāy	*jŕ̥HanyaybyaH	*jŕ̥Hanyaybyah
genitive	*jŕ̥Hanyahya	*jŕ̥Hanyayāh	*jŕ̥Hanyānam
locative	*jŕ̥Hanyay	*jŕ̥Hanyayaw	*jŕ̥Hanyayšu

Derived terms

• *jr̥HanyagaunaH (“gold-colored, golden”)
  • Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬹𐬔𐬀𐬊𐬥𐬀 (zaⁱri gaona, “golden; green”)
  • Sogdian: (/⁠zarγōn; zarγōnē⁠/, “vegetable; green”) (> *zargaunīka)

    Sogdian script: [script needed] (zrγwn, “plant, vegetable”)

    Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (zrγwnyy, “green”)

    Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (zrγwnʾk, “green”)

    • → Pashto: زرغون (zërγun)
  • Old Median: *zaraniyagaona
    • → Middle Persian: (/⁠zargōn⁠/, “golden”)

      Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫡𐫃𐫇𐫗 (zrgwn)

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (zlgwn')

      Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭦𐭫𐭢𐭥𐭭 (zlgwn)

      • → Old Armenian: Զարգուն (Zargun)
      • Classical Persian: زرگون (zargōn, “golden; red lead, minium; zircon”)

        Dari: زرگون (zargōn)

        Iranian Persian: زرگون (zargūn)

        Tajik: заргун (zargun)

        • → Arabic: زَرْقُون (zarqūn) (see there for further descendants)
  • Parthian: (/⁠zarγōnag⁠/, “golden; green”)

    Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫡𐫃𐫇𐫗𐫃 (zrgwng)

    • → Middle Persian: (/⁠zargōn⁠/, “green; fresh”)

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (zlgwn)

      • Classical Persian: زرگون (zargōn, “green”), زرغون (zarğôn), زریون (zaryôn)

        Dari: زرغون (zarγōn)

        Iranian Persian: زریون (zaryūn)

        • → Arabic: زريون (zaryūn)
• *jr̥HanyakaH (“arsenic”)
  • Old Median: *zaraniyakā (see there for further descendants)
    • → Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (zlyk' /⁠zarrīg⁠/)
      • → Old Armenian: զառիկ (zaṙik)
• *jr̥Hanyakarah (“goldsmith”)
  • Kurdish:

    Northern Kurdish: zêrringer

    Central Kurdish: زێڕنگەر (zêrringer)

  • Parthian: 𐫉𐫡𐫗𐫃𐫡 (zrngr /⁠zarnigar, zarīngar⁠/)
    • → Middle Persian:

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (zlykl /⁠zarr(ī)kar⁠/)

      Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫡𐫏𐫃𐫡 (zrygr /⁠zarrīgar⁠/)

      • Classical Persian: زرگر (zarrgar)
        • → Pashto: زرګر (zargár)
  • Old Persian: 𐎭𐎼𐎴𐎹𐎣𐎼 (d-r-n-y-k-r /⁠daraniyakara⁠/)
  • Sogdian: [script needed] (zyrnkryy /⁠zeṙnkarē⁠/)

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬦𐬌𐬌𐬀 (zarańiia)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Khotanese: [script needed] (ysīrra)
  • Ossetian: сыгъзӕрин (syǧzærin), сызгъӕрин (syzǧærin)
  • Sogdo-Bactrian:
    • Bactrian: ζαρο (zaro /⁠zar⁠/)
    • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (zrny /⁠zirnī⁠/)
    • Sogdic:
      • Sogdian: [script needed] (zyrn /⁠zeṙn⁠/)
      • Yagnobi: зар (zar)
• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Pashto: زر (zër, “gold; metal”)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Baluchi: زر (zar)
  • Kurdish:

    Northern Kurdish: zêrr

    Central Kurdish: زێڕ (zêrr)

  • Old Median: *zaranyam
    • Middle Median: *zarr
      • Kermanic:

        Qohrudi: [script needed] (zar) (likely reborrowed from Persian زر (zar))

    • → Elamite:

      Achaemenid Elamite: 𒐼𒅕𒈾𒈪𒄿𒀀 (šá-ir-na-mi-ia /⁠šairnamiya⁠/), 𒍝𒅕𒈾𒈪𒄿𒀀 (za-ir-na-mi-ia /⁠zairnamiya⁠/)

  • Parthian:

    Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫡𐫗 (zrn /⁠zarn⁠/)

    • → Old Armenian: *զառնա- (*zaṙna-)
      • ⇒ Old Armenian: զառնաւուխտ (zaṙnawuxt)
      • ⇒ Old Armenian: Զարուհի (Zaruhi)
    • → Middle Persian: (/⁠zarr⁠/)

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ZHBA)

      Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫡 (zr /⁠zarr⁠/)

      • Classical Persian: زر (zarr)
        • Iranian Persian: زر (zar)
  • Zaza-Gorani
    • Gurani: زەڕ (zař)
    • Zazaki: zern (zařn)
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Old Persian: 𐎭𐎼𐎴𐎹 (d-r-n-y /⁠daraniya⁠/)
    • → Aramaic: דריכונא (drykwnʾ)
    • → Ancient Greek: Δαρεικός (Dareikós, “Persian daric”)
      • → English: daric
    • → Biblical Hebrew: אֲדַרְכּוֹן (adarkon)
    • → Parthian: 𐫅𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫃 (dʾryg /⁠dārīg⁠/, “gold coin, Dareikos”)
    • → Sogdian: ܠܐܪܝܟ (δʾryk /⁠δārīk⁠/)
    • → Classical Syriac: ܕܪܝܟܘܢܐ (drykwnʾ)

References

• Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎^[1], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 204