Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/qapəju

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Alternative forms

• *qapəjuq

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *qapəjux.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔapəɡʲu/, /qapəɡʲu/

Noun

*qapəju

1. gall; gall bladder
2. bile

Descendants

• Philippine
  • Batanic
    • Yami: apdo
    • Ivatan: apdu
    • Ibatan: apdo
  • Northern Luzon
    • Ilocano: apró
    • Northeastern Luzon
      • Casiguran Dumagat Agta: ápdu
      • Dupaningan Agta: apdu
      • Paranan: apdu
    • Cagayan Valley
      • Isnag: apdó
      • Ibanagic
        • Ibanag: aggu
        • Gaddangic
          • Central Cagayan Agta: adu
          • Itawit: ádu
          • Yogad: ádu
    • Meso-Cordilleran
      • Central Cordilleran
        • Ifugao
          • Tuwali Ifugao: apgu
        • Bontok–Kankanaey
          • Eastern Bontoc: apku
          • Central Bontoc: akgó
          • Northern Kankanay: akgo
        • Kalinga–Itneg
          • Limos Kalinga: apdu
          • Madukayang Kalinga: apgu
          • Butbut Kalinga: apku
          • Tanudan Kalinga: apku
          • Lubuagan Kalinga: apchu
      • Southern Cordilleran
        • Pangasinan: apgó
        • Keley-I Kallahan: apgu
        • Karao: apko
    • Arta: apdu
  • Umiray Dumaget Agta: apdu
  • Central Luzon
    • Sambalic
      • Bolinao: apro
      • Botolan Sambal: aplo
      • Sambali: aplóh
      • Abenlen Ayta: aplo
      • Mag-Anchi Ayta: aplo
      • Mag-Indi Ayta: aplu
  • Northern Mindoro
    • Iraya: apro
  • Greater Central Philippine
    • Central Philippine
      • Tagalog: apdó
      • Bikol
        • Bikol Central: apdó
        • Buhi'non Bikol: apro
      • Mansakan
        • Mansaka: apdo
        • Tagakaulu Kalagan: apdu
      • Bisayan
        • Asi
          • Asi: ápro
        • Cebu
          • Cebuano: apdo
        • West
          • Aklanon: ápdoh
          • Kinaray-a: apdo
        • Central
          • Hiligaynon: ápdo
          • Masbatenyo: ápdo
          • Waray-Waray: apdó
          • Romblomanon: 'apdu
        • South
          • Tausug: apdu
    • Manobo
      • Agusan Manobo: apo'du
      • Dibabawon Manobo: apodu
      • Western Bukidnon Manobo: epezu
      • Ata Manobo: aporu
      • Obo Manobo: 'opoddu'
    • Palawanic
      • Brooke's Point Palawano: epdu
      • Aborlan Tagbanwa: apdu
      • Central Tagbanwa: ᝠᝩᝧᝳ (apdo)
    • Subanen
      • Central Subanen: pedu
      • Western Subanon: podu
    • Danao
      • Maranao: pedo
      • Maguindanao: pedu
    • South Mangyan
      • Hanunoo: apdú
    • Gorontalo–Mongondow
      • Gorontalo: polu
      • Mongondow: opoyu
  • Kalamian
    • Agutaynen: apdo
    • Calamian Tagbanwa: apdu
  • South Mindanao
    • Tiruray: fedew
    • Tboli: hedun
  • Sangiric: *pədu
    • Sangir: pedu
  • Minahasan: *apədu
    • Tonsawang: awedu
    • Tontemboan: aperu
    • Tombulu: apezuh
• Sama–Bajaw
  • Central Sama: pꞌddu
  • Southern Sama: puddu
  • Mapun: paddu
  • Yakan: peddu
• Basap–Barito
  • Basap: pedu
  • East Barito
    • Dusun Witu: peru
    • Ma'anyan: aperu
    • Malagasy: afero
  • Mahakam
    • Tunjung: poruʔ
  • West Barito
    • Ngaju: peru
    • >? Bakumpai: empedu
• North Bornean
  • Southwest Sabahan
    • Dusunic
      • Central Dusun: tompodu
      • Tobilung: tompodus
      • Rungus: ompodus
    • Murutic
      • Burusu: ampadu
    • Paitanic
      • Tombonuo: ompodu
  • North Sarawakan
    • Bintulu: ləpəɗəw
    • Berawan–Lower Baram
      • Kiput: pəsəuʔ
      • Narom: petew
    • Dayic
      • Lun Bawang: pesuh
      • Kelabit: pedtuh
    • Kenyah: *pədʰu-n
      • Penan
        • Eastern Penan: petuh, pedun
        • Western Penan: petuh, pedun
  • Central Sarawakan
    • Melanau–Kajang
      • Melanau
        • Central Melanau: pedou
        • Kanowit: pədəw
      • Kajang
        • Sekapan: pərəw
        • Kajaman: pərəw
        • Lahanan: pərəw
    • Punan–Müller-Schwaner
      • Punan
        • Punan Bah-Biau: laporu
        • Punan Tubu: perun
        • Punan Aput: parun
        • Bukitan: parun
        • Ukit: parun
      • Müller-Schwaner Punan
        • Hovongan: porun
        • Kereho: porun
        • Aoheng: porun
• Kayanic
  • Kayan–Murik
    • Kayan
      • Busang Kayan: pərun
      • Bahau: pəruːn
    • Murik–Merap
      • Murik (Malaysia): pərun
      • Punan Merap: prəwŋʷ
  • Segai–Modang
    • Segai: ploə̯n~plɒn
    • Modang: pəloʔ
• Land Dayak: *padu
  • Benyadu–Bekati'
    • Benyadu': lampadu
    • Bekati': sampadṵː
  • Bidayuh
    • Bau Bidayuh: pudun
    • Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: mpuduh
  • Southern Land Dayak
    • Jangkang: pudo
    • Ribun: puduh
    • Sanggau: mpudo̤
• Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
  • Batak
    • Northern
      • Dairi Batak: peggu
      • Karo Batak: pegu
    • Southern
      • Simalungun Batak: pogu
      • Toba Batak: pogu
      • Angkola Batak: pogu
      • Mandailing Batak: pogu
  • Gayo: pau
  • Nias: awökhu
  • Simeulue: areu
  • Mentawai: lappegu
• Rejang: pegau
• Lampungic
  • Lampung Api: hampedu, hamperu
  • Komering: haporu
• Malayo-Sumbawan
  • Malayic: *hAmpədu
    • Ibanic
      • Iban: empedu
      • Mualang: əmpədú
      • Seberuang: mpədu
    • Malayan
      • Malay: hempedu
        • Indonesian: empedu
      • Minangkabau: ampedu
  • Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa
    • Balinese: ᬅᬫ᭄ᬧ᭄ᬭᬸ (ampru)
    • Sasak: pepeduq
    • Sumbawa: pedu
  • Sundanese: hamperu
• Old Javanese: (h)amp(ĕ)ru
  • Javanese: ꦥꦼꦫꦸ (peru)
• South Sulawesi: *pɨzzu
  • Buginese: essu'/essung
  • Seko: *pùru
    • Seko Tengah: pa'du
    • Budong-Budong: pàdu
    • Panasuan: pàru
  • Northern
    • Toraja-Sa'dan: pa'du
    • Tae': pa'du
    • Duri: paqdu
• Celebic
  • Saluan–Banggai
    • Balantak: opoyu'
    • Taliabu: n-oyu-ñ
  • Kaili–Pamona
    • Uma: poju
    • Pamona: apoju
  • Tomini–Tolitoli
    • Tajio: opoyu
• Central Malayo-Polynesian
  • Bima: folu
  • Sumba–Flores
    • Sumba–Hawu
      • Sabu: eɗu
      • Kambera: ka-pídu
    • Western Flores
      • Manggarai–Rembong
        • Komodo: peru
        • Manggarai: pesu
      • Central Flores
        • Ngadha: pedu
        • Li'o: peyu
  • Flores–Lembata
    • Kedang: peyun
  • Kei–Tanimbar
    • Fordata: felurn-
  • Timoric
    • South–East Timor
      • Leti: eru
      • Luang: eri
    • West Timor
      • Bilba: hedu
    • Tetumic
      • Tetum: horun
  • Central Maluku
    • Nunusaku
      • Patakai–Manusela
        • Manusela: wolu
      • Piru Bay
        • Seit-Kaitetu: werun
        • Asilulu: welu
        • Boano (Maluku): n-enu

References

• Blust, Robert & Stephen Trussell, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *qapejux.