Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bergъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Most[1] linguists derive the word from Proto-Indo-European *bʰérǵʰos (“hill”), from *bʰerǵʰ-, with Proto-Germanic *bergaz as the exact cognate. Close cognates include Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬵 (barəzah), and Old Armenian բերձ (berj). PIE ǵʰ is expected to give PS z, not g. Vasmer suggested that there existed a variant of the *bʰerǵʰ- root with a depalatalised stem-final velar.
Because of this unexpected form, some scholars consider it a borrowing from Germanic, e.g. Old High German berg, or from a Venetic-Illyrian language. Per Derksen, this is possible but it lacks a solid basis.
Noun[edit]
Inflection[edit]
Though it is traditionally reconstructed as a hard o-stem, Pronk-Tiethoff suggests that *bergъ was probably a u-stem instead, noting its accentuation and its reflexes found in Russian, e.g. the “second locative” na beregú and the adjective formation beregovój.
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *bȇrgъ | *bȇrga | *bȇrdzi |
| genitive | *bȇrga | *bergù | *bẽrgъ |
| dative | *bȇrgu | *bergomà | *bergòmъ |
| accusative | *bȇrgъ | *bȇrga | *bȇrgy |
| instrumental | *bȇrgъmь, *bȇrgomь* | *bergomà | *bergý |
| locative | *bȇrdzě | *bergù | *berdzě̃xъ |
| vocative | *berže | *bȇrga | *bȇrdzi |
See also[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- *bergatъ
- *bergovitъ
- *bergovъ
- *bergulja / *bergulica (“coastal swallow”)
- *bergyni (“coastal fairy, mermaid”)
Descendants[edit]
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Bulgarian: бряг (brjag)
- Macedonian: брег (breg)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Slovene: brẹ̑g (tonal orthography)
- → Albanian: breg
- West Slavic:
References[edit]
- ^ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “беріг”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*bȇrgъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 37: “m. o (c) ‘bank’”
- ^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1974), “bergъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 1 (*a – *besědьlivъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 191
- ^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “bergъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 203
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “bergъ -a”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “d (OSA 139f.; PR 137)”
Further reading[edit]
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “берег”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia E. (2013) The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic[2], Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 1889