Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dьlgъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dílˀgas, from Proto-Indo-European *dl̥h₁gʰós.

Adjective

*dь̀lgъ

1. long

Inflection

Accent paradigm a.

Indefinite declension of *dьlgъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*dьlgъ	*dьlga	*dьlgo
genitive	*dьlga	*dьlgy	*dьlga
dative	*dьlgu	*dьldzě	*dьlgu
accusative	*dьlgъ	*dьlgǫ	*dьlgo
instrumental	*dьlgomь	*dьlgojǫ	*dьlgomь
locative	*dьldzě	*dьldzě	*dьldzě
vocative	*dьlže	*dьlgo	*dьlgo
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*dьlga	*dьldzě	*dьldzě
genitive	*dьlgu	*dьlgu	*dьlgu
dative	*dьlgoma	*dьlgama	*dьlgoma
accusative	*dьlga	*dьldzě	*dьldzě
instrumental	*dьlgoma	*dьlgama	*dьlgoma
locative	*dьlgu	*dьlgu	*dьlgu
vocative	*dьlga	*dьldzě	*dьldzě
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*dьldzi	*dьlgy	*dьlga
genitive	*dьlgъ	*dьlgъ	*dьlgъ
dative	*dьlgomъ	*dьlgamъ	*dьlgomъ
accusative	*dьlgy	*dьlgy	*dьlga
instrumental	*dьlgy	*dьlgami	*dьlgy
locative	*dьldzěxъ	*dьlgaxъ	*dьldzěxъ
vocative	*dьldzi	*dьlgy	*dьlga

Definite declension of *dьlgъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*dьlgъjь	*dьlgaja	*dьlgoje
genitive	*dьlgajego	*dьlgyję̇	*dьlgajego
dative	*dьlgujemu	*dьldzěji	*dьlgujemu
accusative	*dьlgъjь	*dьlgǫjǫ	*dьlgoje
instrumental	*dьlgyjimь	*dьlgǫjǫ	*dьlgyjimь
locative	*dьldzějemь	*dьldzěji	*dьldzějemь
vocative	*dьlgъjь	*dьlgaja	*dьlgoje
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*dьlgaja	*dьldzěji	*dьldzěji
genitive	*dьlguju	*dьlguju	*dьlguju
dative	*dьlgyjima	*dьlgyjima	*dьlgyjima
accusative	*dьlgaja	*dьldzěji	*dьldzěji
instrumental	*dьlgyjima	*dьlgyjima	*dьlgyjima
locative	*dьlguju	*dьlguju	*dьlguju
vocative	*dьlgaja	*dьldzěji	*dьldzěji
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*dьldziji	*dьlgyję̇	*dьlgaja
genitive	*dьlgъjixъ	*dьlgъjixъ	*dьlgъjixъ
dative	*dьlgyjimъ	*dьlgyjimъ	*dьlgyjimъ
accusative	*dьlgyję̇	*dьlgyję̇	*dьlgaja
instrumental	*dьlgyjimi	*dьlgyjimi	*dьlgyjimi
locative	*dьlgyjixъ	*dьlgyjixъ	*dьlgyjixъ
vocative	*dьldziji	*dьlgyję̇	*dьlgaja

Derived terms

• *dьlgostь
• *dьlgota (“length”)
• *dьlgovęzъ
• *dьlžina
• *dьlžiti
• *dьlžь
• *dьlžаjь
• *dьlžаti

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: дългъ (dŭlgŭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: до́вгїй (dóvhij), до́вгый (dóvhyj), до́лгїй (dólhij), до́лгый (dólhyj)
      • Belarusian: до́ўгі (dówhi)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: довгый (dovhŷj)
      • Ukrainian: до́вгий (dóvhyj)
    • Russian: до́лгий (dólgij)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: дльгъ (dlĭgŭ), длъгъ (dlŭgŭ)
  • Bulgarian: дъ́лъг (dǎ́lǎg)
  • Macedonian: долг (dolg)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ду̏г

    Latin script: dȕg

  • Slovene: dȏłg (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: dlúhý, dłúhý (alternative writing), dlhý (dialectal)
    • Czech: dlouhý
  • Old Polish: długi
    • Polish: długi
    • Silesian: dugi
  • Old Slovak: dlhý, delhý, dluhý
    • Pannonian Rusyn: длуги (dluhi)
    • Slovak: dlhý
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: dłudżi
    • Slovincian: dlúgjy
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: dłujki
    • Upper Sorbian: dołhi

Further reading

• Blažek, Václav (2015), “Indoevropský etymon dlouhý ve světle slovanských a tocharských kontinuantů”, in Linguistica Brunensia, volume 63, number 2, page 27
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “долгий”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dьlgъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 208