Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dyšati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From an earlier *dyxěti, formed as *dyxъ (“whiff”) +‎ *-ěti. Cognate with Lithuanian dūsė́ti (“to gasp”) and akin to Lithuanian dusė́ti (“to cough”), Latvian dusêt (“to gasp, to breathe”).

Verb

*dyšàti impf

1. to breathe

Inflection

Conjugation of *dyšati, *dyša, *dyšitь (impf., -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Suffix: *-ěti

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*dyšanьje	*dyšati	*dyšatъ	*dyšalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*dyšanъ	*dyšimъ
Active	*dyšavъ	*dyšę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dyšaxъ	*dyša	*dyša	*dyšǫ	*dyšiši	*dyšitь
Dual	*dyšaxově	*dyšasta	*dyšaste	*dyšivě	*dyšita	*dyšite
Plural	*dyšaxomъ	*dyšaste	*dyšašę	*dyšimъ	*dyšite	*dyšętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dyšaaxъ	*dyšaaše	*dyšaaše	—	*dyši	*dyši
Dual	*dyšaaxově	*dyšaašeta	*dyšaašete	*dyšivě	*dyšita	—
Plural	*dyšaaxomъ	*dyšaašete	*dyšaaxǫ	*dyšimъ	*dyšite	—

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: дыша́ть (dyšátʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Latin script: dȉšati, dȉšiti

  • Slovene: dišáti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Polish: dyszeć

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “дышать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dyšati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 205

Etymology 2

Secondary iterative form of the intensive *dyxati +‎ *-jati. Akin to Lithuanian dūsúoti (“to breathe heavily”).

Verb

*dyšati impf

1. to breathe

Inflection

Conjugation of *dyšati, *dyša, *dyšajetь (impf., -ě-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-ěti

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*dyšanьje	*dyšati	*dyšatъ	*dyšalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*dyšanъ	*dyšajemъ
Active	*dyšavъ	*dyšaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dyšaxъ	*dyša	*dyša	*dyšajǫ	*dyšaješi	*dyšajetь
Dual	*dyšaxově	*dyšasta	*dyšaste	*dyšajevě	*dyšajeta	*dyšajete
Plural	*dyšaxomъ	*dyšaste	*dyšašę	*dyšajemъ	*dyšajete	*dyšajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dyšaaxъ	*dyšaaše	*dyšaaše	—	*dyšaji	*dyšaji
Dual	*dyšaaxově	*dyšaašeta	*dyšaašete	*dyšajivě	*dyšajita	—
Plural	*dyšaaxomъ	*dyšaašete	*dyšaaxǫ	*dyšajimъ	*dyšajite	—

Descendants

• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: ди́шам (díšam)
  • Macedonian: дише (diše)

Further reading

• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “дишам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 398