Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gatati
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Proto-Slavic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Traditionally linked to Proto-Indo-Iranian *gaHtʰás (“hymn”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾eh₃- (“to call, to sing”) + *-th₂ós, verbalized with native *-ati. Alternative interpretations suggest descent from *gʷet- (“to talk”)[1] (whence Proto-Germanic *kweþaną (“to say”)).
Verb
[edit]*gatàti impf[1]
- to tell, to recite, to narrate (Northern Slavic)
- to guess, to conjecture (South Slavic)
- Synonym: *gadati
- (by extension) to tell fortunes (South Slavic)
- Synonyms: *perdъsъkazati, *vьračiti
Inflection
[edit]Conjugation of *gatati, *gata, *gatajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
---|---|---|---|
*gatanьje | *gatati | *gatatъ | *gatalъ |
Participles | ||
---|---|---|
Tense | Past | Present |
Passive | *gatanъ | *gatajemъ |
Active | *gatavъ | *gataję |
Aorist | Present | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *gataxъ | *gata | *gata | *gatajǫ | *gataješi | *gatajetь |
Dual | *gataxově | *gatasta | *gataste | *gatajevě | *gatajeta | *gatajete |
Plural | *gataxomъ | *gataste | *gatašę | *gatajemъ | *gatajete | *gatajǫtь |
Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *gataaxъ | *gataaše | *gataaše | — | *gataji | *gataji |
Dual | *gataaxově | *gataašeta | *gataašete | *gatajivě | *gatajita | — |
Plural | *gataaxomъ | *gataašete | *gataaxǫ | *gatajimъ | *gatajite | — |
Derived terms
[edit]- *gatanьje (“foretelling”), *gatanъka (“conundrum, riddle”)
- *gatъka (“riddle”)
- *gatъkati (“to speak crypticly”)
- *gatva (“proverb, adage”)
- *gatačь, *gatalьcь (“guesser”)
- *gatьcь m, *gatьčьka f (“gossip (person)”)
Related terms
[edit]- *ganati (“to utter, to talk”)
- *gadati (“to guess”)
- *gavъ (“caw, bark”), *gajь (“squeak”), *gakъ (“croak”) (onomatopoeiae from the same root)
Descendants
[edit]- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Polish: gatać
Further reading
[edit]- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гатать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*gatati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 105
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “гатам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 232
- В. В. Мартынов (1981) “Балто-славяно-иранские языковые отношения и глоттогенез славян: bъrtviti – gatati 'неясно говорить, ворожить'.”, in Балто-славянские исследования. 1980., Moscow: Nauka, page 20