Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kъda

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

• *kъdy (West and South Slavic)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kadāˀn, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷodéh₂. By surface analysis, univerbation of *kъ +‎ *da. Compare Lithuanian kadà, Latvian kad, Old Prussian kaden, maybe Sanskrit कदा (kadā́).

Expected Proto-Slavic *koda was probably influenced by *kъde (“where?”).

Pronoun

*kъda

1. (interrogative) when?
2. (indefinite) whenever

Conjunction

*kъda

1. (relative) when

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: гда (gda)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: къда (kŭda)

    Glagolitic script: ⰽⱏⰴⰰ (kŭda)

  • Bulgarian: (dialectal) къда́ (kǎdá), ка (ka)
  • Old Serbo-Croatian:

    Latin script: kad, kada

    Cyrillic script: кад, када

    • Serbo-Croatian:

      Latin script: kȁd, kàda, (dialectal) kàdā, kȁd, kȁda

      Cyrillic script: ка̏д, ка̀да, (dialectal) ка̀да̄, ка̏д, ка̏да

  • Slovene: kedá, kadá, kdá, gdâ, kdáj (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: kda
  • ⇒ Old Polish: kiedaś, nigda
    • Middle Polish: nigda

Further reading

• Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “gdy”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 158
• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “gdy”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), volume 417, page 1
• Sławski, Franciszek (1952–1956) “gdy”, in Kazimierz Nitsch, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volumes I: A—J, Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego, page 270
• Machek, Václav (1968) “kdy”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka českého [Etymological Dictionary of the Czech Language], 2nd edition, Prague: Academia, page 248
• Rejzek, Jiří (2001) “kdy”, in Český etymologický slovník [Czech Etymological Dictionary] (in Czech), 1st edition, Voznice: LEDA, →ISBN, page 279
• Snoj, Marko (2016) “kdāj”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si
• Havlová, Eva, Erhart, Adolf, editors (1996), “kogda”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského [Etymological Dictionary of the Old Church Slavonic Language] (in Czech), numbers 6 (klęti – kuditi), Prague: Academia, →ISBN, page 326