Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vorta

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Fossilized plural form of Proto-Balto-Slavic *wárta n (possibly *warˀtá n), cognate with Old Prussian warto pl (“house door”). Attested as masc. gender in Lithuanian var̃tai pl (“house gates”), Latvian vàrti pl (“house gates”) (technically from an earlier *wártas m). Formally resembles Proto-Slavic *vortъ (“turn, rotational element”) (a derivative of *vьrtěti (“to rotate”)), but probably ultimately from the root of Proto-Slavic *verti (“to shove, to enclose”).

Noun

*vōrtà or *vortà n pl

1. (plural only) gate, doors

Inflection

Declension of *vōrtà (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b, plural only)

	plural
nominative	*vōrtà
genitive	*võrtъ
dative	*vōrtòmъ
accusative	*vōrtà
instrumental	*võrty
locative	*võrtěxъ
vocative	*vōrtà

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Declension of *vortà (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c, plural only)

	plural
nominative	*vortà
genitive	*võrtъ
dative	*vortòmъ
accusative	*vortà
instrumental	*vortý
locative	*vortě̃xъ
vocative	*vortà

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *vortьca, *vortica (diminutive)
• *vortьňa (augmentative)
• *vortařь, *vortьnikъ (“gate guardian”)

Related terms

• *vorъ (“valve, closer”)
• *verěja (“pivot, axle”)
• *vortъ (“turn”)
• *vьrtъ (“turn, revolution; garden”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: ворота (vorota)
    • Old Ruthenian: ворота (vorota)
      • Old Belarusian: ворота (vorota)
        • Belarusian: варо́ты (varóty)
      • Ukrainian: воро́та (voróta)
    • Russian: воро́та (voróta)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: врата (vrata)

    • → Russian: врата́ (vratá)

  • Bulgarian: врата́ (vratá)
  • Macedonian: врата (vrata)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: вра́та

    Latin script: vráta

  • Slovene: vráta
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: vrata
    • Czech: vrata
  • Polabian: vortă
  • Old Polish: wrota
    • Polish: wrota
  • Slovak: vráta
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: wrota, rota

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ворота”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “врата”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 182
• “wartai”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012