Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bard

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *bʰers-?

Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰéh₂der.

Proto-Germanic *bardaz

Proto-West Germanic *bard

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *bardaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰéh₂ (“beard”), possibly from *bʰers-.

Noun

*bard m

1. beard

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*bard(a)
Genitive	*bardas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*bard(a)	*bardōs
Accusative	*bard(a)	*bardā
Genitive	*bardas	*bardō
Dative	*bardē	*bardum
Instrumental	*bardu	*bardum

Descendants

• Old English: beard
  • Middle English: berd, bard, bærd, beord, burd
    • English: beard
    • Middle Scots: beird, berd, baird
      • Scots: berd, berde, beird
    • Yola: bearde
    • → Anglo-Norman: berd
    • →⇒ Anglo-Norman: barder (verb) (merged with Old French barbier)
• Old Frisian: *bard, berd
  • North Frisian:

    Föhr-Amrum: biard

  • West Frisian: burd
• Old Saxon: bard
  • Middle Low German: bart
    • German Low German: Baart
    • Westphalian
      • Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Bårt
      • Vest Recklinghausen: Bart
      • Westmünsterländisch: Baord, Buord, Burd
    • Plautdietsch: Boat
    • → Norwegian Nynorsk: barde
    • → Saterland Frisian: Boart
• Old Dutch: *bart
  • Middle Dutch: bāert
    • Dutch: baard
      • Afrikaans: baard
      • Negerhollands: baard
        • → Virgin Islands Creole: bad (archaic)
      • → Norwegian Nynorsk: barde
      • → West Frisian: baard
    • Limburgish: baerd
• Old High German: bart
  • Middle High German: bart
    • Alemannic German: Baart
    • Bavarian: Bårt
    • Central Franconian:

      Hunsrik: Baart

      Luxembourgish: Baart

    • East Central German:

      Upper Saxon German:

      Vilamovian: biöet, biöt

    • East Franconian:
    • German: Bart
      • → Norwegian: bart
    • Rhine Franconian: Bat, Bart

      Frankfurterisch: [b̥ɑːt], (older) [b̥ɔːt]

      Pennsylvania German: Baart

    • Yiddish: באָרד (bord)