bard

See also: Bard, BARD, bárd, bàrd, Bård, bård, and barð

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /bɑːd/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /bɑɹd/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)d

Etymology 1

(15th c.) from Scottish Gaelic bàrd, from Old Irish bard, from Proto-Celtic *bardos (“bard, poet”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“praise”), and reinforced by Latin bardus, borrowed from Celtic. Cognate with Latin grātus (“grateful, pleasant, delightful”), Sanskrit गृणाति (gṛṇāti, “calls, praises”), Old Church Slavonic жрьти (žrĭti, “to sacrifice”).

Noun

bard (plural bards)

1. A professional poet and singer, like among the ancient Celts, whose occupation was to compose and sing verses in honor of the heroic achievements of princes and brave men.
   • 1837, Richard LLWYD, The Poetical Works of Richard Llwyd, the Bard of Snowdon‎^[1]:

     "He is a Welsh bard, and a man full of animation, anecdote, and independence; […] "

2. (by extension) A poet.

   Shakespeare is known as the bard of Avon.

Derived terms

• bardic
• Bard

Translations

professional poet and singer — See also translations at minstrel

• Belarusian: бард m (bard)
• Bulgarian: бард m (bard)
• Catalan: bard m
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 吟遊詩人／吟游诗人 (jam⁴ jau⁴ si¹ jan⁴)

  Mandarin: 詩人／诗人 (zh) (shīrén), 吟遊詩人／吟游诗人 (zh) (yínyóu shīrén)

• Czech: bard (cs) m
• Danish: barde c
• Dutch: bard (nl) m
• Esperanto: bardo (eo)
• Finnish: runoilija (fi), bardi (fi)
• French: barde (fr) m
• Galician: bardo (gl) m
• Georgian: ბარდი (bardi)
• German: Barde (de) m
• Greek: βάρδος (el) m (várdos)
• Hungarian: bárd (hu), dalnok (hu), énekmondó (hu)
• Irish: bard m
• Italian: aedo (it) m, cantore (it) m, trovatore (it) m, poeta (it) m, vate (it) m
• Japanese: 詩人 (ja) (しじん, shijin), 吟遊詩人 (ja) (ぎんゆうしじん, gin'yū shijin)
• Korean: 시인(詩人) (ko) (siin), 음유시인(吟遊詩人) (ko) (eumyusiin)
• Latgalian: dzīsminīks m
• Latin: bardus m
• Latvian: dziesminieks m, dziesminiece f
• Lithuanian: bardas m
• Macedonian: бард m (bard)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: bard (no) m

• Old English: sċop m
• Persian: سراینده‎ (fa) (sorâyande)
• Portuguese: poeta (pt) m or f, bardo (pt) m
• Polish: bard (pl) m
• Russian: бард (ru) m (bard), а́втор-исполни́тель (ru) m (ávtor-ispolnítelʹ)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ба̏рд m

  Roman: bȁrd (sh) m

• Slovak: bard m
• Slovene: bard (sl) m
• Spanish: bardo (es) m
• Sudovian: daininīkas m
• Swahili: malenga (sw)
• Swedish: bard (sv) c
• Turkish: ozan (tr), bard
• Ukrainian: бард (uk) m (bard)
• Welsh: bardd (cy) m

Etymology 2

From French barde. English since the late 15th century.

Noun

bard (plural bards)

1. A piece of defensive (or, sometimes, ornamental) armor for a horse's neck, breast, and flanks; a barb. (Often in the plural.)
2. Defensive armor formerly worn by a man at arms.
3. (cooking) A thin slice of fat bacon used to cover any meat or game.
4. The exterior covering of the trunk and branches of a tree; the rind.
5. Specifically, Peruvian bark.

Translations

fat bacon

• Arabic: بَردَعَه‎
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 熏肉片 (xūnròupiàn)

• Finnish: silava (fi)
• Galician: albarda (gl) f
• German: Barde (de) f

Verb

bard (third-person singular simple present bards, present participle barding, simple past and past participle barded)

1. To cover a horse in defensive armor.
   • 1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 29:

     The defensive armor with which the horses of the ancient knights or men at arms were covered, or, to use the language of the time, barded, consisted of the following pieces made either of metal or jacked leather, the Chamfron, Chamfrein or Shaffron, the Criniere or Main Facre, the Poitrenal, Poitral or Breast Plate, and the Croupiere or Buttock Piece.

2. (cooking) To cover (meat or game) with a thin slice of fat bacon.

Anagrams

• Brad, brad, darb, drab

Catalan

Noun

bard m (plural bards)

1. bard (a professional poet and singer, like among the ancient Celts)

Further reading

• “bard” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “bard”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
• “bard” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “bard” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed either from German Barde or English bard. Ultimately from Proto-Celtic *bardos (“bard, poet”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“praise”). Cognate with Latin grātus (“grateful, pleasant, delightful”), Sanskrit गृणाति (gṛṇāti, “calls, praises”), Old Church Slavonic жрьти (žrĭti, “to sacrifice”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɑrt/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: bard
• Rhymes: -ɑrt

Noun

bard m (plural barden)

1. bard, Celtic poet, singer

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French bard, from Old French béart, bayart, baiart, boieart, boyart, bayard (“stretcher”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from unattested *berard, from Frankish *berhard (“carrier”), from Frankish *beran (“to carry”) + *-hard.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /baʁ/

Noun

bard m (plural bards)

1. (dated) a sort of stretcher, with no wheels, used for transporting materials
2. (dated) a sawhorse

Synonyms

• bayard
• (sawhorse): tréteau

Further reading

• “bard”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Irish

Alternative forms

• bárd (obsolete)

Etymology

From Old Irish bard, from Proto-Celtic *bardos.

Pronunciation

• (Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /bˠɑːɾˠd̪ˠ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /bˠæːɾˠd̪ˠ/

Noun

bard m (genitive singular baird, nominative plural baird)

1. poet (of a certain rank); bard
2. scold

Declension

Declension of bard

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative bard baird Vocative a bhaird a bharda Genitive baird bard Dative bard baird

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an bard na baird Genitive an bhaird na mbard Dative leis an mbard don bhard leis na baird

Derived terms

• filíocht na mbard (“bardic poetry”)

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
bard	bhard	mbard
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “bard”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “bard”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904), “bárd”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 60

Ludian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *parta, borrowed from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bardā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰéh₂.

Noun

bard

1. beard

Maltese

Root
b-r-d
11 terms

Etymology

From Arabic بَرْد‎ (bard).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bart/

Noun

bard m (plural brud)

1. cold; cold weather

See also

• kiesaħ

Manx

Etymology

From Old Irish bard, from Proto-Celtic *bardos.

Noun

bard m (genitive singular ?, plural bardyn)

1. bard
2. poet

Synonyms

• bardagh
• bardoonagh

Mutation

Manx mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
bard	vard	mard
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• barde

Etymology

From Old Norse barð.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /baːr/, /baːɽ/

Noun

bard m (definite singular barden, indefinite plural bardar, definite plural bardane)

1. an edge, rim, (river)bank

Related terms

• Svalbard

Further reading

• “bard” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
• “bard” in Ivar Aasen (1873) Norsk Ordbog med dansk Forklaring

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *bardos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bar͈d/

Noun

bard m (genitive baird, nominative plural baird)

1. bard
2. poet

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	bard	bardL	bairdL
Vocative	baird	bardL	barduH
Accusative	bardN	bardL	barduH
Genitive	bairdL	bard	bardN
Dative	bardL	bardaib	bardaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Synonyms

• éices
• fer cerda
• fili
• túar

Descendants

• Irish: bard
• Manx: bard
• Scottish Gaelic: bàrd
  • → English: bard

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
bard	bard pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/	mbard
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “bard”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bart/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -art
• Syllabification: bard

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French barde, from Latin bardus, from Proto-Celtic *bardos (“bard”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“to approve, praise”).

Noun

bard m pers

1. (historical) bard (professional Celtic poet and singer whose occupation was to compose and sing verses in honor of the heroic achievements of princes and brave men)
2. (by extension) bard, poet, songster

   Synonyms: poeta, piewca, wieszcz

Declension

Declension of bard

	singular	plural
nominative	bard	bardowie
genitive	barda	bardów
dative	bardowi	bardom
accusative	barda	bardów
instrumental	bardem	bardami
locative	bardzie	bardach
vocative	bardzie	bardowie

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

bard n

1. genitive plural of bardo

Further reading

• bard in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• bard in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Etymology

From French barde, from Latin bardus.

Noun

bard m (plural barzi)

1. bard

Declension

Declension of bard

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) bard	bardul	(niște) barzi	barzii
genitive/dative	(unui) bard	bardului	(unor) barzi	barzilor
vocative	bardule		barzilor

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *parta, borrowed from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bardā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰéh₂.

Noun

bard

1. beard