Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/erþapplu

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Alternative forms

• *erþuapplu

Etymology

From *erþu +‎ *applu.

Noun

*erþapplu m

1. gourd, melon, squash

Inflection

u-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*erþapplu
Genitive	*erþapplō
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*erþapplu	*erþappliwi, *erþapplō
Accusative	*erþapplu	*erþapplū
Genitive	*erþapplō	*erþappliwō
Dative	*erþappliwi, *erþapplō	*erþapplum
Instrumental	*erþapplu	*erþapplum

Descendants

• Old English: eorþæppel
  • Middle English: *erth-appel
    • English: earthapple
• Old Frisian: *erthappel, *irthappel
  • West Frisian: ierdappel, ierappel, ierpel, jirpel
• Old Saxon: *erthappul, *erthappel
  • Middle Low German: ērdeappel, ērtappel, ērdappel
    • → Danish: jordæble (calque)
    • → Swedish: jordäpple (calque) (dialectal)
• Old Dutch: *erthappel
  • Middle Dutch: erdappel
    • Dutch: aardappel (dialectal eerdappel, erpel)
      • Afrikaans: aartappel
        • → Xhosa: itapile
      • Berbice Creole Dutch: adaplu
      • → Ambonese Malay: artapel
      • → Betawi: artapel
      • → English: earthapple (calque) (in the sense of "potato")
      • → Gorontalo: artape
      • → Icelandic: jarðepli
      • → Kristang: atapal, artapal
      • → Manado Malay: artapel
      • → Malayalam: അടുതാപ്പ് (aṭutāppŭ)
      • → Sinhalese: අර්‍තාපල් (artāpal)
      • → Tamil: அர்த்தாப்பு (arttāppu)
    • Limburgish: aerdappel, aerpel
• Old High German: erdapful, erdaphul
  • Middle High German: ertapfel, erdapfel, ertöpfel, erdöpfel, ertaphel
    • Alemannic German: Härdöpfel
    • Central Franconian: Äädappel, Ääpel

      Moselle Franconian: Erdappel, Erpel

    • German: Erdapfel
    • Luxembourgish: Äerdapel, Äerpel, Ierpel (dialectal)
    • Rhine Franconian:
      • Pennsylvania German: Aerdabbel