User:Þórður Breiðfjörð/sandbox

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Konsonanter

	Bilabial		Labio- dental		Dental		Alveolær		Palatal		Velær		Glottal
Nasaler	m̥	m			n̥	n			ɲ̊	ɲ	ŋ̊	ŋ
Klusiler	pʰ	p			tʰ	t			cʰ	c	kʰ	k	ʔ
Frikativer			f	v	θ	ð	s		ç	j	x	ɣ	h
Approximanter					l̥  ɫ̥	l ɫ
Vibranter							r̥	r

Vokaler

Monoftonger

	Fortunge		Bagtunge
	Urundet	Rundet
Lukket	i		u
Nærmest lukket	ɪ	ʏ
Halvåben	ɛ	œ	ɔ
Åben	a

Diftonger

	Fortunge	Bagtunge
Halvåben	ei • øy	ou
Åben	ai	au

Annað

Aðblástur: ʰ

Áherzla: '

Lengd: ː

Fornmál

Indó-evrópska

Sjá Wiktionary:About_Proto-Indo-European

Obstruents:

Voiceless stops: p t ḱ k kʷ

Voiced stops: b d ǵ g gʷ (not ĝ)

Aspirated stops: bʰ dʰ ǵʰ gʰ gʷʰ (not bh, dh, g'h/ĝh, gh, gʷh etc.)

Fricatives: s h₁ h₂ h₃ (unknown laryngeal: H)

Sonorants:

Non-syllabic sonorants: y w l r m n (not i̯ u̯)

Syllabic sonorants: i u l̥ r̥ m̥ n̥

Vowels:

Short vowels: e o a i u

Long vowels: ē ō ā ī ū

Diphthongs:

ey oy ew ow etc. (not ei oi eu ou)

Annað:

Accented short vowels: é ó á í ú

Accented long vowels: ḗ ṓ ā́ ī́ ū́

Accented syllabic sonorants: í ú ŕ̥ ĺ̥ ḿ̥ ń̥

Frumgermanska

Sjá Wiktionary:About_Proto-Germanic

Obstruents: p t k kw b d g gw f þ h hw s z

Sonorants: l r m n j w

Short vowels: a e i u, nasal: ą į ų

Long vowels: ā ē ē₂ ī ō ū, nasal: į̄ ǭ

Overlong vowels: ê ô, nasal: ǫ̂

Forníslenzka

Stafirnir: Ǫ, ǫ, Ǭ, ǭ, Ø, ø, Œ og œ eru í „Character Map“.

U-hljóðvarp af á með broddi má fá fram með því að velja Ǫ eða ǫ og velja síðan broddinn í „Unicode Subrange“ („Combining Acute Accent“) og líma á eftir stöfunum.

Ǫ́ og ǫ́ .

Væntanlega eru indó-evrópsku stafirnir fengnir þannig að hluta til (hringur undir, broddur yfir samhljóðum, t.d. l̥ , ḱ, jafnvel ḱ̥ ef menn vilja etc.) en háskrifað w (kʷ og gʷ) er enn leyndardómur. Hins vegar eru þetta tvö tákn, þannig að menn geta sleppt hugmyndafluginu lausu, t.d. rʷ, wʷ eða ǫ́'ʷ. Þetta verkar hins vegar ekki á hástafi, hæðin á ʷ er miðuð við lágstafi.

Röðun í greinum

Orðið hundur má vera dæmi:

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse hundr, from Proto-Germanic *hundaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱʷn̥tós, from *ḱwṓ (“dog”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhʏntʏr/ (

  listen

  (file)

  )

  Rhymes: -ʏntʏr

Noun

sandbox m (genitive singular hunds, nominative plural hundar)

1. a dog

   Hundurinn dinglaði rófunni.

   The dog wagged its tail.

   Hundurinn lagði niður rófuna.

   The dog put his tail between his legs.

   Að siga hundi á einhvern.

   To sick a dog on somebody.

Declension

declension of Þórður Breiðfjörð/sandbox

m-s1	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	hundur	hundurinn	hundar	hundarnir
accusative	hund	hundinn	hunda	hundana
dative	hundi	hundinum	hundum	hundunum
genitive	hunds	hundsins	hunda	hundanna

Note: Athugasemdir koma hér.

Derived terms

Terms derived from hundur (“a dog”).

• eins og halaklipptur hundur
• fara í hundana (go to the dogs)
• fljúgandi hundur (running dog, wavepattern)
• Litlihundur (Canis Minor)
• hundur í einhverjum, það er hundur í einhverjum (someone is in a sulky mood)
• rauðir hundar (German measles)
• sporhundur (a bloodhound, a tracker dog)
• Stórihundur (Canis Major)
• útdráttarhundur (caterpillar drive)
• varðhundur (a watchdog, a guard dog)
• þar liggur hundurinn grafinn (that is the real reason)

See also

• kjölturakki (a lap dog, a pet)
• rakki
• rófa (tail)
• skott (tail)
• urra (to growl)
• ýlfur (the howling of a dog or wolf)

Synonyms

• (dog): (especially one that is not purebred) rakki, seppi

Notkun

Nafnorð

The inflection tables are slightly different for each language. I made the current ones being used for Icelandic, but I haven’t gotten around to making a help page yet. In fact, I haven’t even made templates for all the inflection categories. It’s a lot of work, and this is all a work in progress. I can make a brief summary for you.

All the templates follow traditional Icelandic grammatical categories. The nouns are divided first by gender, then by whether they are strong or weak (in weak nouns all cases in the singular end in the vowels -a, -i or -u), and then by numbered categories. The noun categories are as follows:

• m-s1 for masculine nouns ending in -ar in nominative plural and -s or -ar in genitive singular. The most straightforward example of this is words like hundur; but the template also covers words with an elided secondary vowel like böðull, humar, etc., words with a stem ending in -i, but losing the -i before plural endings, like læknir. It also allows for u-mutation if the stem vowel is -a-, as in garður, kaðall, etc.
• m-s2 for masculine nouns ending in -ir in nominative plural and -s or -jar in genitive singular. Words like hvalur, hylur, lækur
• m-s3 for masculine nouns ending in -ir in nominative plural and -ar in genitive singular. Includes words like hugur, siður, viður, litur, but also words ending in -aður/-uður, like söfnuður, and u-stem nouns (using the parameter u=u) like björn, vörður, etc. (these u-stem nouns have u-mutation in the nominative and accusative singular, as well as in the dative plural like all nouns do, and they furthermore have i-mutation in the dative singular and nominative and accusative plural).
• m-w1 for masculine nouns ending in -i with a plural in -ar, like skóli, hjólbarði, etc.
• m-w1a – declension identical to m-w1, but nominative in -a, like herra, séra
• m-w2 for masculine nouns ending in -i with a plural in -ur with i-mutation, e.g. lesandi, bóndi
• f-s1 for strong feminine nouns with plural -ar (or -r in those ending in á or ú), like vél, á, nál, trú, Gerður, ermi
• f-s2 for strong feminine nouns with plural -ir, like sál, kvöl, deild
• f-s3 for strong feminine nouns with plural -ur/-r with i-mutation, like bók, fló, kýr
• f-w1 for feminine nouns ending in -a with plural -ur (with u-mutation), like nunna, mamma
• f-w2 for feminine nouns ending in -i in all cases in the singular, with plural in -ir or -ar (the latter is indicated with the parameter ar=ar), like lygi, beiðni
• n-s for strong neuter nouns; these have -s in the genitive singular, and a nominative plural marked only by u-mutation, e.g. barn, þil
• n-w for weak neuter nouns; these end in -a in all cases in the singular and take a -u plural, e.g. auga

All of these have the stem inserted in three or five parts: the principal stem vowel is the second parameter, whatever letters precede it are the first parameter, and the rest of the stem is the third. When there is a secondary stem vowel, this is parameter 4, and then parameter 3 contains whatever is between the vowels and parameter 5 the rest of the stem. Sometimes extra parameters must be used, as explained above. Also the dative ending -i is somewhat arbitrarily present in strong masculine nouns (of all three classes). Its presence must be indicated with the parameter i, which can have the values i, -i, or i-, which means -i/-inum, -Ø/-inum, and -i/-num, respectively (indefinite and definite forms shown on either side of the slash). I can’t give you any more detailed info now, but you can take a look at the linked entries to check out the template usage.

Sagnir

Template:is-conj-w2#Icelandic

Þriðji flokkur Halldóru, færa, dæma etc.

Template:is-conj-w4#Icelandic

Fyrsti flokkur Halldóru, elska, kalla, etc.

Virðist vera röð Kress.

Þá vantar ja-beyginguna (telja og ættingja) og ē-beyginguna (duga etc.).

Ē-beygingunni má líklega sleppa. Sárafáar sagnir, eins og duga eru frábrugðnar w2.

Ja-sagnir hafa alltaf eða næstum því alltaf e (telja) eða y (hrynja) sem (hljóðverpt) grunnhljóð og j-ið gengur gegnum mikinn hluta beygingarinnar.

Tenglar

Wiktionary:Templates