herra
Basque
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Noun
[edit]herra
Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Old Norse herra, from Old Saxon hērro, from Old High German hērro, the comparative form of hēr (“noble, venerable”) (German hehr), by analogy with Latin senior (“elder”). Cognates include Danish herre, Norwegian herre, Swedish herre, Icelandic herra, Dutch heer, German Herr. The Old High German word originally meant "grey, grey-haired", and descends from Proto-Germanic *hairaz (“grey”), making it cognate with Old English hār (English hoar), Old Norse hárr.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]herra
- Mister (polite title for an adult man)
- Herra Virtanen, voinko puhua kanssanne?
- Mister Virtanen, may I speak with you?
- sir (polite form of address to a man, often preceded by hyvä)
- Anteeksi, herra... ― Excuse me, Sir...
- Hyvät herrat! ― Gentlemen!
- gentleman (honourable or sophisticated man)
- Ovesta astui sisään kolme hienoa herraa.
- Three smart gentlemen stepped in the door.
- lord, master (person having authority over someone or something)
- kartanon herra ― lord of the manor
- Sormusten herra ― Lord of the Rings
- oman itsensä herra ― master of oneself
- Kärpästen herra ― Lord of the flies
- (informal) a member of the ruling or upper class, a person of authority; (in the plural) the ruling or upper class, the mighty, people in authority (no exact English translation, definitely not any with the same nuance)
- herrojen herkku ― delicacy (only) for the rich (because only they can afford it)
- herrojen metkuja ― antics of the ruling class
- elää herroiksi ― to live like a lord / to live like a king
- (religion) Alternative letter-case form of Herra (“Lord”)
Declension
[edit]Inflection of herra (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | herra | herrat | |
genitive | herran | herrojen | |
partitive | herraa | herroja | |
illative | herraan | herroihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | herra | herrat | |
accusative | nom. | herra | herrat |
gen. | herran | ||
genitive | herran | herrojen herrain rare | |
partitive | herraa | herroja | |
inessive | herrassa | herroissa | |
elative | herrasta | herroista | |
illative | herraan | herroihin | |
adessive | herralla | herroilla | |
ablative | herralta | herroilta | |
allative | herralle | herroille | |
essive | herrana | herroina | |
translative | herraksi | herroiksi | |
abessive | herratta | herroitta | |
instructive | — | herroin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms
[edit]- aatelisherra
- feodaaliherra
- hallitusherra
- herrahissi
- herrainhuone
- herrainkaulus
- herrainkerho
- herrainvaate
- herrainvaatehtimo
- herrakansa
- herrakutsut
- herranjumala
- herranterttu
- herraonni
- herrarotu
- herraseura
- herraskartano
- herrasmies
- herraspoika
- herrasväki
- herraviha
- hoviherra
- kamariherra
- kartanonherra
- kirkkoherra
- leskiherra
- linnanherra
- lääninherra
- maaherra
- nuoriherra
- pakkasherra
- rötösherra
- sotaherra
- temppeliherra
- tilanherra
- vapaaherra
Further reading
[edit]- “herra”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Icelandic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse herra, from Old Saxon hērro, from Old Dutch hēriro, Old High German hērro, the comparative form of hēr (“noble, venerable”) (German hehr), by analogy with Latin senior (“elder”). Cognates include Danish, Norwegian and Swedish herre, Dutch heer, German Herr. The Old High German word originally meant “grey, grey-haired”, and descends from Proto-Germanic *hairaz (“grey”), making it cognate with Old English hār (English hoar), Old Norse hárr.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]herra m (genitive singular herra, nominative plural herrar)
- lord, master
- the Lord (God)
- an honorific title for a bishop; Lord
- an honorific title for a noble; Lord
- an honorific title for the highest state officials, now especially the president, but also a sýslumaður (the local official of the state in each sýsla), ambassador, etc.; Excellency
- mister (general honorific for a man, especially in writing; usually abbreviated: hr.)
- a general deferential form of address to a male; sir
- gentleman (general polite term for a male)
- dömur mínar og herrar
- Ladies and gentlemen.
- dömur mínar og herrar
Usage notes
[edit]Used as an honorific title (prenominally or on its own) for bishops and for the president of Iceland (also, especially historically, for some other dignitaries). Also used as a general courtesy title for men, equivalent to English mister, but then primarily in formal written correspondence and abbreviated hr. However, when it is used as an honorific title for bishops, presidents, etc., it should never be abbreviated. The equivalent female title is frú (in both contexts).
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Verb
[edit]herra (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative herraði, supine herrað)
- (transitive) to knight or bestow nobility on
- (transitive) to confer on someone the dignity of herra, allow someone to be called herra
- (transitive) to address or refer to as herra (as should be done to bishops, etc.)
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að herra | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
herrað | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
herrandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég herra | við herrum | present (nútíð) |
ég herri | við herrum |
þú herrar | þið herrið | þú herrir | þið herrið | ||
hann, hún, það herrar | þeir, þær, þau herra | hann, hún, það herri | þeir, þær, þau herri | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég herraði | við herruðum | past (þátíð) |
ég herraði | við herruðum |
þú herraðir | þið herruðuð | þú herraðir | þið herruðuð | ||
hann, hún, það herraði | þeir, þær, þau herruðu | hann, hún, það herraði | þeir, þær, þau herruðu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
herra (þú) | herrið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
herraðu | herriði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
herraður | herruð | herrað | herraðir | herraðar | herruð | |
accusative (þolfall) |
herraðan | herraða | herrað | herraða | herraðar | herruð | |
dative (þágufall) |
herruðum | herraðri | herruðu | herruðum | herruðum | herruðum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
herraðs | herraðrar | herraðs | herraðra | herraðra | herraðra | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
herraði | herraða | herraða | herruðu | herruðu | herruðu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
herraða | herruðu | herraða | herruðu | herruðu | herruðu | |
dative (þágufall) |
herraða | herruðu | herraða | herruðu | herruðu | herruðu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
herraða | herruðu | herraða | herruðu | herruðu | herruðu |
Ingrian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse herra. Related to Finnish herra and Estonian härra.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈherːɑ/, [ˈhe̞rː]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈherːɑ/, [ˈhe̞rːɑ]
- (Hevaha) IPA(key): /ˈherːɑ/, [ˈhe̞rːɑ]
- Rhymes: -erː, -erːɑ
- Hyphenation: her‧ra
Noun
[edit]herra
- mister
- lord, master
- 1916, V. Alava, quoting Vögla, “1946. Soikkola, Suija. V I 1903”, in Väinö Salminen, V. Alava, editor, Suomen Kansan Vanhat Runot. Länsi-Inkerin runot[2], volume III2, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, lines 1-2:
- Herra viekas venäläin // Hypitti heposiiaa.
- The cunning Russian lord // Let his horses jump.
Declension
[edit]Declension of herra (type 3/kana, no gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | herra | herrat |
genitive | herran | herroin |
partitive | herraa | herroja |
illative | herraa | herroi |
inessive | herraas | herrois |
elative | herrast | herroist |
allative | herralle | herroille |
adessive | herraal | herroil |
ablative | herralt | herroilt |
translative | herraks | herroiks |
essive | herranna, herraan | herroinna, herroin |
exessive1) | herrant | herroint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Coordinate terms
[edit]- frovva (“lady, mistress”)
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Fedor Tumansky (1790) “герра”, in Опытъ повѣствованїя о дѣянїях, положенїи, состоянїи и раздѣленїи Санкт-Петербургской губернїи [An experiment of an account of the acts, location, condition and division of the Saint Petersburg gubernia], Краткїй словарь ижерскаго, финскаго, эстонскаго, чюдскаго, и ямскаго нарѣчїя съ россїйскимъ переводомъ [A short dictionary of the Ingrian, Finnish, Estonian, Chud and Yamtian dialects with a Russian translation], page 689
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 58
- Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 35
Maltese
[edit]Root |
---|
h-r-j |
1 term |
Etymology 1
[edit]From Arabic هَرَّأَ (harraʔa).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]herra (imperfect jherri, past participle mherri, verbal noun therrija)
- (transitive) to wear out; to cause to deteriorate gradually
- (transitive) to tire; to exhaust (a person)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of herra | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
perfect | m | herrejt | herrejt | herra | herrejna | herrejtu | herrew | |
f | herriet | |||||||
imperfect | m | nherri | therri | jherri | nherru | therru | jherru | |
f | therri | |||||||
imperative | herri | herru |
Etymology 2
[edit]From (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).
Noun
[edit]herra f
Usage notes
[edit]Adjectival form is constructed with bil, i.e. bil-herra.
- Keċċini barra bil-herra. ― He kicked me out rudely.
Old Norse
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Saxon hērro, from Old Dutch hēriro, Old High German hērro, the comparative form of hēr (“noble, venerable”) (German hehr), by analogy with Latin senior (“elder”).[1] The Old High German word originally meant "grey, grey-haired", and descends from Proto-Germanic *hairaz (“grey”), making it cognate with Old English hār (English hoar), Old Norse hárr.
Noun
[edit]herra m
Descendants
[edit]- Icelandic: herra, herri
- Faroese: harra, harri
- Norwegian Bokmål: herre
- Norwegian Nynorsk: herre
- Old Swedish: härra
- Swedish: herre
- Danish: herre
- Gutnish: herre
- → Finnish: herra
- → Ingrian: herra
- → Ukrainian: гарний (harnyj)
Verb
[edit]herra
- (transitive) to confer with the title of "herra" upon a person
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | herra | |
---|---|---|
present participle | herrandi | |
past participle | herraðr | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | herra | herraða |
2nd-person singular | herrar | herraðir |
3rd-person singular | herrar | herraði |
1st-person plural | herrum | herruðum |
2nd-person plural | herrið | herruðuð |
3rd-person plural | herra | herruðu |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | herra | herraða |
2nd-person singular | herrir | herraðir |
3rd-person singular | herri | herraði |
1st-person plural | herrim | herraðim |
2nd-person plural | herrið | herraðið |
3rd-person plural | herri | herraði |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | herra | |
1st-person plural | herrum | |
2nd-person plural | herrið |
infinitive | herrask | |
---|---|---|
present participle | herrandisk | |
past participle | herrazk | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | herrumk | herruðumk |
2nd-person singular | herrask | herraðisk |
3rd-person singular | herrask | herraðisk |
1st-person plural | herrumsk | herruðumsk |
2nd-person plural | herrizk | herruðuzk |
3rd-person plural | herrask | herruðusk |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | herrumk | herruðumk |
2nd-person singular | herrisk | herraðisk |
3rd-person singular | herrisk | herraðisk |
1st-person plural | herrimsk | herraðimsk |
2nd-person plural | herrizk | herraðizk |
3rd-person plural | herrisk | herraðisk |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | herrask | |
1st-person plural | herrumsk | |
2nd-person plural | herrizk |
References
[edit]- “herra”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ^ Falk, Hjalmar, Torp, Alf (1903–06) Etymologisk ordbog over det norske og det danske sprog [Etymological Dictionary of the Norwegian and Danish Languages], page 286
- Basque terms with audio links
- Basque lemmas
- Basque nouns
- Finnish terms borrowed from Old Norse
- Finnish terms derived from Old Norse
- Finnish terms derived from Old Saxon
- Finnish terms derived from Old High German
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Finnish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Finnish/erːɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/erːɑ/2 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- Finnish terms with usage examples
- Finnish informal terms
- Finnish terms with collocations
- fi:Religion
- Finnish kala-type nominals
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Saxon
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Dutch
- Icelandic terms derived from Old High German
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic 2-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrːa
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrːa/2 syllables
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic nouns
- Icelandic masculine nouns
- Icelandic countable nouns
- Icelandic terms with archaic senses
- Icelandic verbs
- Icelandic weak verbs
- Icelandic transitive verbs
- Ingrian terms derived from Old Saxon
- Ingrian terms derived from Old High German
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ingrian terms derived from Old Norse
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/erː
- Rhymes:Ingrian/erː/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Ingrian/erːɑ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/erːɑ/2 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian nouns
- Ingrian terms with quotations
- izh:Male people
- Maltese terms belonging to the root h-r-j
- Maltese terms inherited from Arabic
- Maltese terms derived from Arabic
- Maltese 2-syllable words
- Maltese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Maltese lemmas
- Maltese verbs
- Maltese transitive verbs
- Maltese form-II verbs
- Maltese final-weak form-II verbs
- Maltese final-weak verbs
- Maltese nouns
- Maltese feminine nouns
- Maltese terms with usage examples
- Old Norse terms borrowed from Old Saxon
- Old Norse terms derived from Old Saxon
- Old Norse terms derived from Old Dutch
- Old Norse terms derived from Old High German
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse lemmas
- Old Norse nouns
- Old Norse masculine nouns
- Old Norse verbs
- Old Norse transitive verbs
- Old Norse class 2 weak verbs
- non:Feudalism