User:Mårtensås/Innovations

	Gothic	Old Norse	Old English	Old Frisian	Old Saxon	Old Dutch	Old Central German	Old Upper German
*ē₁ > *ā	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
*z > *ʀ	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
*-ai > *-ē	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
*-ō > *-u	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
a-umlaut	No	Most dialects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
i-umlaut	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Loss of intervocalic *-h-	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Developing	Yes	Developing	No
Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law	No	Only before s	Yes	Yes	Yes	Rare	No	No
Lengthening of vowel before *-z in single-syllable words	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Dative plural *-um(ʀ) in all noun stems	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Generalization of the accusative in n-stems for all oblique cases	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Unclear	No	No	No
Palatalisation of velars	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Partial	No	No	No
Peculiar conjugation of *wesaną (2nd sg *eʀt, 3rd sg *is, 3rd pl *eʀun)	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Suppletive *beuną in present of *wesaną	No	No	Partial	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Loss of unstressed *-z	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Unrounding of front rounded vowels	No	No	ø but not y	Yes	No	Southwestern	No	No
Class II weak verb ending *-(ō)ja-	No	No	Yes	Yes	Sometimes	No	No	No
Merging of plural forms of verbs	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Loss of the reflexive pronoun	No	No	Yes	Yes	Most dialects	Most dialects	No	No
Reduction of weak class III to four relics	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Loss of final *-z in single-syllable words	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Monophthongization of *ai, *au	Unclear	Partial, dialectal	Yes	Yes	Yes	Usually	Partial	Partial
Diphthongization of *ē, *ō	No	No	No	No	Rare	Yes	Yes	Yes
Final-obstruent devoicing	Only fricatives	No	No	No	No	Yes	Developing	No
Loss of initial *h- before consonant	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Developing
Loss of initial *w- before consonant	No	In the west	No	No	No	No	Most dialects	Yes
High German consonant shift	No	No	No	No	No	No	Partial	Yes