Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gans

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns (“goose”). Compare Albanian gatë, Ancient Greek χήν (khḗn), Avestan 𐬰𐬁 (zā), Irish gé, Latin ānser, Latvian zùoss, Russian гусь (gusʹ), and Sanskrit हंस (haṃsá). Proto-Slavic *gǫ̑sь, however, does not exhibit the regular satem development as Baltic does and is therefore better explained as a Germanic loan, or at least influenced by the Germanic cognate.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɣɑns/

Noun

*gans f

1. goose

Inflection

Declension of *gans (consonant stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*gans	*gansiz
vocative	*gans	*gansiz
accusative	*gansų	*gansunz
genitive	*gansiz	*gansǫ̂
dative	*gansi	*gansumaz
instrumental	*gansē	*gansumiz

Derived terms

• *gansiz
• *gansô ~ *ganzô

Related terms

• *ganataz
• *ganatô

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *gans
  • Old English: gōs
    • Middle English: gos, goce, goos, gose, gosse
      • English: goose
      • Scots: guise
  • Old Frisian: *gōs
    • North Frisian:

      Most dialects: gus

      Sylt: Guus

      Wiedingharde: goos

    • Saterland Frisian: Gous
    • West Frisian: goes
  • Old Saxon: *gās, *gōs
    • Middle Low German: gās, gōs, gūs
      • Low German: Gans, Goos
      • ⇒ Middle Low German: *gösel
        • Low German: Gössel
          • → German: Gössel
  • Old Dutch: *gans, *guos
    • Middle Dutch: gans, goes
      • Dutch: gans, goes (dialectal)
        • Afrikaans: gans
          • → Xhosa: urhanisi
          • → Zulu: ihansi
        • Jersey Dutch: xânz
        • Negerhollands: gans
        • → Lokono: kansa
        • → Caribbean Hindustani: hans
        • → Papiamentu: gans (dated)
        • → Sranan Tongo: gansi
          • → Aukan: gansi
          • → Saramaccan: gánsi
  • Old High German: gans, cans
    • Middle High German: gans, gas
      • Alemannic German: Gaas, Gants (Uri)
      • German: Gans
      • Luxembourgish: Gäns, Gaus
      • Vilamovian: gaons
      • Yiddish: גאַנדז (gandz)
• Old Norse: gás (gȧs)
  • Icelandic: gás, ⇒ gæs (analogously after plural gæss)
  • Faroese: gás
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: gås
  • Elfdalian: gą̊s
  • Old Swedish: gās, ᚵᛆᛋ
    • Swedish: gås
  • Old Danish: gās
    • Danish: gås
      • Norwegian Bokmål: gås
    • Scanian: gás
  • Gutnish: gas
• Gothic: *𐌲𐌰𐌽𐍃 (*gans)
  • → Asturian: gansu
  • → Galician: ganso
  • → Portuguese: ganso
  • → Spanish: ganso
  • →? Proto-Slavic: *gǫ̑sь (see there for further descendants)
• → Latin: ganta
  • Catalan: ganta
  • Old French: gante, jante
    • Middle French: jante