adverbium

Czech

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin adverbium. First attested in the 19th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈadvɛrbɪjum]
• Rhymes: -ɪjum
• Hyphenation: ad‧ver‧bi‧um

Noun

adverbium n

2. (grammar) adverb (lexical category)

   Synonym: příslovce

Declension

Declension of adverbium (semisoft neuter foreign)

	singular	plural
nominative	adverbium	adverbia
genitive	adverbia	adverbií
dative	adverbiu	adverbiím
accusative	adverbium	adverbia
vocative	adverbium	adverbia
locative	adverbiu	adverbiích
instrumental	adverbiem	adverbii

Related terms

• See verbum

• adverbiální

Further reading

• “adverbium”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “adverbium”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “adverbium”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026
• “adverbium”, in Nový encyklopedický slovník češtiny (in Czech), 2012–2020

Danish

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin adverbium.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /adˈvɛːr.bjɔm/, [að̠ˠˈʋæɐ̯ˀb̥jɔm]
• Rhymes: -ɔm
• Hyphenation: ad‧ver‧bi‧um

Noun

adverbium n (singular definite adverbiet, plural indefinite adverbier)

2. (grammar) adverb (lexical category)

   Synonym: biord

Inflection

Declension of adverbium

neuter gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	adverbium	adverbiet	adverbier	adverbierne
genitive	adverbiums	adverbiets	adverbiers	adverbiernes

See also

parts of speech: ordklasseredit

• adjektiv, tillægsord
• adverbium, biord
• artikel, kendeord
• interjektion, udråbsord
• kardinaltal, mængdetal
• konjunktion, bindeord
• numerale, talord
• onomatopoietikon, lydord
• ordinaltal, ordenstal
• pronomen, stedord
• proprium, egennavn
• præposition, forholdsord
• substantiv, navneord
• verbum, udsagnsord

Latin

Alternative forms

• aduerbium (Old Latin)

Etymology

From ad- (“towards”) +‎ verb(um) (“word”) +‎ -ium (nominal suffix). Possibly a calque of Ancient Greek ἐπῐ́ρρημα (epĭ́rrhēma).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [adˈwɛr.bi.ũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [adˈvɛr.bi.um]
• Hyphenation: ad‧ver‧bi‧um

Noun

adverbium n (genitive adverbiī or adverbī); second declension

2. (grammar) adverb (lexical category)

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

	singular	plural
nominative	adverbium	adverbia
genitive	adverbiī adverbī1	adverbiōrum
dative	adverbiō	adverbiīs
accusative	adverbium	adverbia
ablative	adverbiō	adverbiīs
vocative	adverbium	adverbia

¹Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

Hyponyms

• adverbium affirmandi
• adverbium comparandi, adverbium comparationis
• adverbium dubitandi
• adverbium interrogandi, adverbium interrogationis
• adverbium jurandi
• adverbium loci
• adverbium negandi
• adverbium ordinis
• adverbium qualitatis
• adverbium quantitatis
• adverbium temporis

Derived terms

• adverbiālis
• adverbiāliter

Related terms

• verbum

Descendants

Descendants

• → Catalan: adverbi
• → English: adverb
• → French: adverbe
• → German: Adverb
• → Italian: avverbio
• → Portuguese: advérbio
• → Romanian: adverb
• → Spanish: adverbio
• → Welsh: adferf

References

• “adverbium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "adverbium", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “adverbium”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Polish

Alternative forms

• adwerb (Middle Polish)
• adwerbium

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd

Proto-Italic *ad

Proto-Italic *ad-

Latin ad-

Proto-Indo-European *werh₁-

Proto-Indo-European *werdʰom

Proto-Italic *werβom

▲

Ancient Greek ῥῆμᾰ (rhêmă)sl.

Latin verbum

Proto-Indo-European *-yós

Proto-Italic *-ios

Old Latin -ios

Latin -ius

Latin -ium

▲

Ancient Greek ἐπῐ́ρρημα (epĭ́rrhēma)calq.?

Latin adverbiumlbor.

Polish adverbium

Learned borrowing from Latin adverbium. First attested in 1743–1745.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /adˈvɛr.bjum/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛrbjum
• Syllabification: ad‧ver‧bium

Noun

adverbium n

2. (grammar) adverb (lexical category)

   Synonym: przysłówek

Declension

Declension of adverbium

	singular	plural
nominative	adverbium	adverbia
genitive	adverbium	adverbiów
dative	adverbium	adverbiom
accusative	adverbium	adverbia
instrumental	adverbium	adverbiami
locative	adverbium	adverbiach
vocative	adverbium	adverbia

Related terms

adjectives

• adwerbalny
• adwerbialny

adverbs

• adwerbalnie
• adwerbialnie

nouns

• adwerbalność
• adwerbializacja
• adwerbialność
• adwerbium

Further reading

• “adverbium”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[1] (in Polish)
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807), “adwerb”, in Słownik języka polskiego, volume 1a, page 5
• Woliński, Marcin; Saloni, Zygmunt; Wołosz, Robert; Gruszczyński, Włodzimierz; Skowrońska, Danuta; Bronk, Zbigniew (2020), “adverbium”, in Słownik gramatyczny języka polskiego [Grammatical Dictionary of Polish]‎^[2], 4. online edition, Warszawa