affliger

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin afflīgere.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a.fli.ʒe/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (France (Toulouse)):

  (file)

• Audio (France):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Somain)):

  (file)

Verb

affliger

1. (transitive) to grieve someone, to distress someone
   • 1640, Pierre Corneille, Horace, act I, scene I:

     Je crains pour l'une et l'autre en ce dernier effort / Et serai du parti qu'affligera le Sort.

     I fear for both in this final struggle / and shall be on the side that Destiny makes grieved.

2. (literary) to smite [with de ‘with’]

Conjugation

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written afflige- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

Conjugation of affliger (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	affliger
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	affligeant /a.fli.ʒɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		affligé /a.fli.ʒe/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	afflige /a.fliʒ/	affliges /a.fliʒ/	afflige /a.fliʒ/	affligeons /a.fli.ʒɔ̃/	affligez /a.fli.ʒe/	affligent /a.fliʒ/
	imperfect	affligeais /a.fli.ʒɛ/	affligeais /a.fli.ʒɛ/	affligeait /a.fli.ʒɛ/	affligions /a.fli.ʒjɔ̃/	affligiez /a.fli.ʒje/	affligeaient /a.fli.ʒɛ/
	past historic2	affligeai /a.fli.ʒe/	affligeas /a.fli.ʒa/	affligea /a.fli.ʒa/	affligeâmes /a.fli.ʒam/	affligeâtes /a.fli.ʒat/	affligèrent /a.fli.ʒɛʁ/
	future	affligerai /a.fliʒ.ʁe/	affligeras /a.fliʒ.ʁa/	affligera /a.fliʒ.ʁa/	affligerons /a.fliʒ.ʁɔ̃/	affligerez /a.fliʒ.ʁe/	affligeront /a.fliʒ.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	affligerais /a.fliʒ.ʁɛ/	affligerais /a.fliʒ.ʁɛ/	affligerait /a.fliʒ.ʁɛ/	affligerions /a.fli.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/	affligeriez /a.fli.ʒə.ʁje/	affligeraient /a.fliʒ.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	afflige /a.fliʒ/	affliges /a.fliʒ/	afflige /a.fliʒ/	affligions /a.fli.ʒjɔ̃/	affligiez /a.fli.ʒje/	affligent /a.fliʒ/
	imperfect2	affligeasse /a.fli.ʒas/	affligeasses /a.fli.ʒas/	affligeât /a.fli.ʒa/	affligeassions /a.fli.ʒa.sjɔ̃/	affligeassiez /a.fli.ʒa.sje/	affligeassent /a.fli.ʒas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	afflige /a.fliʒ/	—	affligeons /a.fli.ʒɔ̃/	affligez /a.fli.ʒe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Related terms

• affliction

References

• “affliger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012