aggraver

French

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin aggravāre. By surface analysis, a- +‎ grave +‎ -er.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a.ɡʁa.ve/

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Verb

aggraver

1. (transitive) to worsen (to make worse)

   aggraver son cas ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. (reflexive) to worsen (to become worse)

   Synonym: empirer

Conjugation

Conjugation of aggraver (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	aggraver
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	aggravant /a.ɡʁa.vɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		aggravé /a.ɡʁa.ve/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	aggrave /a.ɡʁav/	aggraves /a.ɡʁav/	aggrave /a.ɡʁav/	aggravons /a.ɡʁa.vɔ̃/	aggravez /a.ɡʁa.ve/	aggravent /a.ɡʁav/
	imperfect	aggravais /a.ɡʁa.vɛ/	aggravais /a.ɡʁa.vɛ/	aggravait /a.ɡʁa.vɛ/	aggravions /a.ɡʁa.vjɔ̃/	aggraviez /a.ɡʁa.vje/	aggravaient /a.ɡʁa.vɛ/
	past historic2	aggravai /a.ɡʁa.ve/	aggravas /a.ɡʁa.va/	aggrava /a.ɡʁa.va/	aggravâmes /a.ɡʁa.vam/	aggravâtes /a.ɡʁa.vat/	aggravèrent /a.ɡʁa.vɛʁ/
	future	aggraverai /a.ɡʁa.vʁe/	aggraveras /a.ɡʁa.vʁa/	aggravera /a.ɡʁa.vʁa/	aggraverons /a.ɡʁa.vʁɔ̃/	aggraverez /a.ɡʁa.vʁe/	aggraveront /a.ɡʁa.vʁɔ̃/
	conditional	aggraverais /a.ɡʁa.vʁɛ/	aggraverais /a.ɡʁa.vʁɛ/	aggraverait /a.ɡʁa.vʁɛ/	aggraverions /a.ɡʁa.və.ʁjɔ̃/	aggraveriez /a.ɡʁa.və.ʁje/	aggraveraient /a.ɡʁa.vʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	aggrave /a.ɡʁav/	aggraves /a.ɡʁav/	aggrave /a.ɡʁav/	aggravions /a.ɡʁa.vjɔ̃/	aggraviez /a.ɡʁa.vje/	aggravent /a.ɡʁav/
	imperfect2	aggravasse /a.ɡʁa.vas/	aggravasses /a.ɡʁa.vas/	aggravât /a.ɡʁa.va/	aggravassions /a.ɡʁa.va.sjɔ̃/	aggravassiez /a.ɡʁa.va.sje/	aggravassent /a.ɡʁa.vas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	aggrave /a.ɡʁav/	—	aggravons /a.ɡʁa.vɔ̃/	aggravez /a.ɡʁa.ve/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Related terms

• aggravation

Descendants

• Haitian Creole: agrave

Further reading

• “aggraver”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Latin

Verb

aggraver

1. first-person singular present passive subjunctive of aggravō