ardíben

Old Irish

Etymology

From air- +‎ dí- +‎ benaid (“to strike”).

Verb

ar·díben (prototonic ·airdben, verbal noun airdbe)

1. to destroy, slay, slaughter
   • c. 700–800, Táin Bó Cúailnge; from the Yellow Book of Lecan, published in The Táin Bó Cúailnge from the Yellow Book of Lecan, with variant readings from the Lebor na hUidre (1912, Dublin: Hodges, Figgis, and Co.), edited by John Strachan and James George O'Keeffe , TBC-YBL 1089:

     Ar·díbi firu i n(i)-áthu […]

     He will slay men in fords […]

   • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 30^a4

     .i. ni·airdben ― glosses Latin non interimit (“it does not destroy”)

Inflection

Complex, class B IV present, i future

		active						passive
		singular			plural			singular	plural
		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
present indicative	deut.
	prot.			·airdben				·airdbenar
imperfect indicative	deut.
	prot.
preterite	deut.
	prot.
perfect	deut.
	prot.
future	deut.			ar·díbi
	prot.
conditional	deut.
	prot.
present subjunctive	deut.
	prot.
past subjunctive	deut.
	prot.
imperative
verbal noun		airdbe
past participle		airdbide
verbal of necessity

Mutation

Mutation of ar·díben

radical	lenition	nasalization
ar·díben	ar·díben pronounced with /ðʲ-/	ar·ndíben

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ar-díben”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language