broiier

Old French

Alternative forms

• breer, breier, brier, broier, broyer

Etymology

Borrowed from Frankish *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną.

Verb

broiier

1. to crush; to break into small pieces

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -ier, with a palatal stem. These verbs are conjugated mostly like verbs in -er, but there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has a stressed present stem bri distinct from the unstressed stem broi, as well as other irregularities. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of broiier (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		broiier			avoir broiié
gerund		en broiant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		broiant
past participle		broiié
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	bri, broi	brïes, broies	brïe, broie	broions	broiiez, broiez	brïent, broient
	imperfect	broioie, broieie, broioe, broiieve, broieve	broioies, broieies, broioes, broiieves, broieves	broioit, broieit, broiot, broiieve, broieve	broiiiens, broiiens	broiiiez, broiiez	broioient, broieient, broioent, broiievent, broievent
	preterite	broiai	broias	broia	broiames	broiastes	broiierent
	future	broierai	broieras	broiera	broierons	broieroiz, broiereiz, broierez	broieront
	conditional	broieroie, broiereie	broieroies, broiereies	broieroit, broiereit	broieriiens, broieriens	broieriiez, broieriez	broieroient, broiereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	bri, broi	bris, brois	brit, broit	broions	broiiez, broiez	brïent, broient
	imperfect	broiasse	broiasses	broiast	broiissons, broiissiens	broiissoiz, broiissez, broiissiez	broiassent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	brïe, broie	—	broions	broiiez, broiez	—

Descendants

• Bourbonnais-Berrichon: bréyer
• Bourguignon: brayer, bréger
• Champenois: broyi
• Franc-Comtois: brier
• Middle French: broyer
  • French: broyer
• Lorrain: brayi
• Orléanais: brayer, breyer
• Poitevin-Saintongeais: brayàe, bréyàe
• Walloon: broyî
• → Middle English: brayen
  • English: bray
  • Scots: brie

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (broier, supplement)
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “*brekan”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volumes 15/1: Germanismes: A–Bryman, page 265