cáfol
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Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From an unattested stem of uncertain origin, perhaps an onomatopoeia + -ol (verb-forming suffix).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]cáfol
- (transitive) to refute, disprove, confute, disconfirm, falsify (to prove or demonstrate that something is false)
- (transitive, informal) to deny, contradict, disaffirm (to claim that something is false)
- Synonym: tagad
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of cáfol
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | cáfolok | cáfolsz | cáfol | cáfolunk | cáfoltok | cáfolnak | |
Def. | cáfolom | cáfolod | cáfolja | cáfoljuk | cáfoljátok | cáfolják | |||
2nd-p. o. | cáfollak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | cáfoltam | cáfoltál | cáfolt | cáfoltunk | cáfoltatok | cáfoltak | ||
Def. | cáfoltam | cáfoltad | cáfolta | cáfoltuk | cáfoltátok | cáfolták | |||
2nd-p. o. | cáfoltalak | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. cáfolni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | cáfolék | cáfolál | cáfola | cáfolánk | cáfolátok | cáfolának | ||
Def. | cáfolám | cáfolád | cáfolá | cáfolánk | cáfolátok | cáfolák | |||
2nd-p. o. | cáfolálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. cáfol vala, cáfolt vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | cáfolandok | cáfolandasz | cáfoland | cáfolandunk | cáfolandotok | cáfolandanak | ||
Def. | cáfolandom | cáfolandod | cáfolandja | cáfolandjuk | cáfolandjátok | cáfolandják | |||
2nd-p. o. | cáfolandalak | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | cáfolnék | cáfolnál | cáfolna | cáfolnánk | cáfolnátok | cáfolnának | |
Def. | cáfolnám | cáfolnád | cáfolná | cáfolnánk (or cáfolnók) |
cáfolnátok | cáfolnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | cáfolnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. cáfolt volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | cáfoljak | cáfolj or cáfoljál |
cáfoljon | cáfoljunk | cáfoljatok | cáfoljanak | |
Def. | cáfoljam | cáfold or cáfoljad |
cáfolja | cáfoljuk | cáfoljátok | cáfolják | |||
2nd-p. o. | cáfoljalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. cáfolt légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | cáfolni | cáfolnom | cáfolnod | cáfolnia | cáfolnunk | cáfolnotok | cáfolniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
cáfolás | cáfoló | cáfolt | cáfolandó | cáfolva (cáfolván) | |||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
potential conjugation of cáfol
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | cáfolhatok | cáfolhatsz | cáfolhat | cáfolhatunk | cáfolhattok | cáfolhatnak | |
Def. | cáfolhatom | cáfolhatod | cáfolhatja | cáfolhatjuk | cáfolhatjátok | cáfolhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | cáfolhatlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | cáfolhattam | cáfolhattál | cáfolhatott | cáfolhattunk | cáfolhattatok | cáfolhattak | ||
Def. | cáfolhattam | cáfolhattad | cáfolhatta | cáfolhattuk | cáfolhattátok | cáfolhatták | |||
2nd-p. o. | cáfolhattalak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | cáfolhaték | cáfolhatál | cáfolhata | cáfolhatánk | cáfolhatátok | cáfolhatának | ||
Def. | cáfolhatám | cáfolhatád | cáfolhatá | cáfolhatánk | cáfolhatátok | cáfolhaták | |||
2nd-p. o. | cáfolhatálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. cáfolhat vala, cáfolhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | cáfolhatandok or cáfolandhatok |
cáfolhatandasz or cáfolandhatsz |
cáfolhatand or cáfolandhat |
cáfolhatandunk or cáfolandhatunk |
cáfolhatandotok or cáfolandhattok |
cáfolhatandanak or cáfolandhatnak | ||
Def. | cáfolhatandom or cáfolandhatom |
cáfolhatandod or cáfolandhatod |
cáfolhatandja or cáfolandhatja |
cáfolhatandjuk or cáfolandhatjuk |
cáfolhatandjátok or cáfolandhatjátok |
cáfolhatandják or cáfolandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | cáfolhatandalak or cáfolandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | cáfolhatnék | cáfolhatnál | cáfolhatna | cáfolhatnánk | cáfolhatnátok | cáfolhatnának | |
Def. | cáfolhatnám | cáfolhatnád | cáfolhatná | cáfolhatnánk (or cáfolhatnók) |
cáfolhatnátok | cáfolhatnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | cáfolhatnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. cáfolhatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | cáfolhassak | cáfolhass or cáfolhassál |
cáfolhasson | cáfolhassunk | cáfolhassatok | cáfolhassanak | |
Def. | cáfolhassam | cáfolhasd or cáfolhassad |
cáfolhassa | cáfolhassuk | cáfolhassátok | cáfolhassák | |||
2nd-p. o. | cáfolhassalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. cáfolhatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (cáfolhatni) | (cáfolhatnom) | (cáfolhatnod) | (cáfolhatnia) | (cáfolhatnunk) | (cáfolhatnotok) | (cáfolhatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | cáfolható | Neg. adj. | cáfolhatatlan | Adv. part. | (cáfolhatva / cáfolhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit](With verbal prefixes):
References
[edit]- ^ cáfol in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
[edit]- cáfol in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- cáfol in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).