caethiwo

Welsh

Etymology

From ceithiw (“captivity”) +‎ -o under the influence of caeth (“captive”).

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /keɨˈθɪu̯.ɔ/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /kei̯ˈθɪu̯.ɔ/

Verb

caethiwo (first-person singular present ceithiwaf)

1. to enslave

Conjugation

Conjugation of caethiwo (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	caethiwaf	caethiwi	caethiwa	caethiwwn	caethiwwch	caethiwant	caethiwir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	caethiwwn	caethiwit	caethiwai	caethiwem	caethiwech	caethiwent	caethiwid
preterite	caethiwais	caethiwaist	caethiwodd	caethiwasom	caethiwasoch	caethiwasant	caethiwwyd
pluperfect	caethiwaswn	caethiwasit	caethiwasai	caethiwasem	caethiwasech	caethiwasent	caethiwasid, caethiwesid
present subjunctive	caethiwwyf	caethiwych	caethiwo	caethiwom	caethiwoch	caethiwont	caethiwer
imperative	—	caethiwa	caethiwed	caethiwwn	caethiwwch	caethiwent	caethiwer
verbal noun	caethiwo
verbal adjectives	caethiwedig caethiwadwy

Conjugation of caethiwo (colloquial)

inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	caethiwa i, caethiwaf i	caethiwi di	caethiwith o/e/hi, caethiwiff e/hi	caethiwn ni	caethiwch chi	caethiwan nhw
conditional	caethiwn i, caethiwswn i	caethiwet ti, caethiwset ti	caethiwai fo/fe/hi, caethiwsai fo/fe/hi	caethiwen ni, caethiwsen ni	caethiwech chi, caethiwsech chi	caethiwen nhw, caethiwsen nhw
preterite	caethiwais i, caethiwes i	caethiwaist ti, caethiwest ti	caethiwodd o/e/hi	caethiwon ni	caethiwoch chi	caethiwon nhw
imperative	—	caethiwa	—	—	caethiwch	—

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Related terms

• caethiwed (“captivity”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of caethiwo

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
caethiwo	gaethiwo	nghaethiwo	chaethiwo

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “caethiwo”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies