Jump to content

carpinus

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Carpinus

Latin

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Unknown. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *kar- (“hard”), but the unusual extension and suffix are difficult to explain. See also carina and cerrus.

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “From Ancient Greek (*)κάρπινος/(*)καρπίνος ((*)kárpinos/(*)karpínos, “fruity, fructiferous”), from κᾰρπός (kărpós, “fruit, yield of harvest”) +‎ -ῐνος (-ĭnos, adjectival suffix)?”

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

carpinus f (genitive carpinī); second declension

  1. European hornbeam (a variety of deciduous tree)
    • 234 BCE – 149 BCE, Cato the Elder, De Agri Cultura 31:
      Prelum ex carpino atra potissimum facito.
      • 1934 translation by W. D. Hooper, Harrison Boyd Ash
        Make the press-beam preferably of black hornbeam.
    • c. 80 BCE – 15 BCE, Vitruvius, De Architectura 2.9.12:
      Item carpinus, quod est minima ignis et terreni mixtione, aeris autem et umoris summa continetur temperatura, non est fragilis, sed habet utilissimam tractabilitatem. Itaque Graeci, quod ex ea materia iuga iumentis conparant, quod apud eos iuga zyga vocitantur, item zygian eam appellant.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 4 CE – c. 70 CE, Columella, De Re Rustica 5.7:
      Est et alterum genus arbusti Gallici, quod vocatur rumpotinum. Id desiderat arborem humilem nec frondosam. [...] Quin etiam cornus et carpinus et ornus non nunquam et salix a plerisque in hoc ipsum disponitur.
      • 1954 translation by E. S. Forster, Edward H. Heffner
        There is another kind of plantation found in Gaul, which is called that of dwarf trees. It requires a low and not very leafy tree [...] Indeed the cornel-tree, the horn-beam and sometimes the mountain-ash and the willow are planted by most people to this very end
    • 77 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 16.67:
      Acer eiusdem fere amplitudinis, operum elegantia ac subtilitate citro secundum. plura eius genera: album, quod praecipui candoris, vocatur Gallicum in transpadana Italia transque Alpes nascens; alterum genus crispo macularum discursu, qui cum excellentior fuit, a similitudine caudae pavonum nomen accepit, in Histria Raetiaque praecipuum; e viliore genere crassivenium vocatur. Graeci situ discernunt, campestre enim candidum esse nec crispum — quod glinon vocant —, montanum vero crispius duriusque, etiamnunc e mascula crispius ad lautiora opera, tertium genus zygian rubentem, fissili ligno, cortice livido, scabro. hoc alii generis proprii esse malunt et Latine carpinum appellant.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 77 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 16.73-75:
      Nunc celeberrimis arborum dictis quaedam in universum de cunctis indicanda sunt. montes amant cedrus, larix, taeda et ceterae, e quibus resina gignitur, item aquifolia, buxus, ilex, iuniperus, terebinthus, populus, ornus, carpinus. est in Appennino et frutex, qui vocatur cotinus, ad linamenta modo conchylii colore insignis.
      montes et valles diligit abies, robur, castaneae, tilia, ilex, cornus. aquosis montibus gaudent acer, fraxinus, sorbus, tilia, cerasus. non temere in montibus visae sunt prunus, punicae, oleastri, iuglans, mori, sabuci. descendunt et in plana cornus, corylus, quercus, ornus, acer, fraxinus, fagus, carpinus. subeunt et in montuosa ulmus, malus, pirus, laurus, myrtus, sanguinei frutices, ilex tinguendisque vestibus nascentes genistae. gaudet frigidis sorbus, sed magis etiam betulla.
      Gallica haec arbor mirabili candore atque tenuitate, terribilis magistratuum virgis, eadem circulis flexilis, item corbium costis. bitumen ex ea Galliae excoquunt. in eosdem situs comitantur et spina, nuptiarum facibus auspicatissima, quoniam inde fecerint pastores qui rapuerunt Sabinas, ut auctor est Masurius. nunc facibus carpinus, corylus familiarissimae.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 77 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 16.206:
      Ilex item et oleaster et olea atque castanea, carpinus, populus. Haec et crispa aceris modo—si ulla materies idonea esset ramis saepe deputatis: castratio illa est adimitque vires. De cetero plerisque horum, sed utique robori, tanta duritia ut terebrari nisi madefactum non queat et ne sic quidem adactus avelli clavus.
      • 1945 translation by H. Rackham
        There are also the holm-oak, the wild and cultivated olive, the chestnut, the hornbeam and the poplar. The last is also mottled like the maple—if only any timber could be any good when the branches of the tree are frequently lopped: this amounts to gelding the tree, and takes away all its strength. For the rest, most of these trees, but especially the hard oak, are so hard that it is not possible to bore a hole in the wood until it has been soaked in water, and even then when a nail has been driven right into it it cannot be pulled out.
    • c. 1473 – 1477, Alessandro Braccesi, ad eundem descriptio horti Laurentii Medicis, (elegiac couplets):
      Est ăbĭēs, pīnus, buxus, vĭrĭdisquĕ cŭpressus,
      Nāscĭtŭr hic quercus, rōbŏră, taedă, lărix;
      Est sŭbĕr, est cerrus, fāgus, quīn carpĭnŭs, īlex,
      Fraxĭnŭs, et quicquid silvă nĕmusquĕ fĕrunt.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

[edit]

Second-declension noun.

singular plural
nominative carpinus carpinī
genitive carpinī carpinōrum
dative carpinō carpinīs
accusative carpinum carpinōs
ablative carpinō carpinīs
vocative carpine carpinī

Descendants

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1890), Grammatik der romanischen Sprachen: Romanische Lautlehre, volume 1, page 496: “Zunächst cárpĭnus rum. carpăn, ital. carpine, frz. charme, span., portg. carpe ist wohl schon lateinisch, die Angabe einzelner Wörterbücher carpīnus fehlerhaft.”

Further reading

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=carpinus&oldid=88850655"