carina

See also: Carina

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin carīna (“keel”). Doublet of careen and carene.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kəˈɹiːnə/, /kəˈɹaɪnə/
• Rhymes: -iːnə
• Rhymes: -aɪnə

Noun

carina (plural carinas or carinae)

1. A longitudinal ridge or projection like the keel of a boat.
3. (botany) Part of a papilionaceous flower consisting of two petals, commonly united, which encloses the organs of fructification.
4. (botany) The keel of the glume of grasses.
5. (botany) The principal nerve of a sepal.
7. (ornithology) The keel of the breastbone of birds.
9. (anatomy) Any of several features that have a projecting central ridge.

Derived terms

• carina apex
• carinal
• carination
• carina tracheae
• cariniform
• carinula

Anagrams

• Ancira, Arican, Carian, Ciaran, acinar, arnica, crania, narica

Albanian

Noun

carina f

1. definite nominative singular of carinë

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kaˈri.na/
• Rhymes: -ina
• Hyphenation: ca‧rì‧na

Adjective

carina

1. feminine singular of carino

Anagrams

• aracni, aranci, arcani, arnica, carnai, inarca

Latin

Etymology

Cognate with Welsh ceri (“stone of a fruit”) and Ancient Greek κάρυον (káruon, “nut”). The earliest attested meaning is "ship's keel", though whether the original meaning was "keel" or "walnut shell" is unclear.

The further origin is disputed:

• Borrowed from a European substrate, whence also the Welsh and Greek terms. Alternatively, borrowed from Greek, itself borrowed from said substrate.
• From a Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“hard”), and compared further to cancer (“crab”).
• From Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“head, top”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [kaˈriː.na]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [kaˈriː.na]

Noun

carīna f (genitive carīnae); first declension

1. keel or hull of a ship
2. (figuratively) ship
3. half of a walnut shell

Declension

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	carīna	carīnae
genitive	carīnae	carīnārum
dative	carīnae	carīnīs
accusative	carīnam	carīnās
ablative	carīnā	carīnīs
vocative	carīna	carīnae

Related terms

• Carīnae
• cornu

Descendants

Through Vulgar Latin *carēna:

• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: carena
    • → French: carène
      • → English: carene, careen
• Gallo-Italic:
  • Ligurian: carena
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: carena
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Galician: carena
  • Spanish: carena
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *cerēna
  • → Proto-Brythonic: *keruɨn
    • Middle Welsh: kerwyn
      • Welsh: cerwyn

Borrowings:

• → English: carina
• → Greek: καρίνα (karína)
• ⇒ Translingual: Carinacea

Further reading

• “carina”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “carina”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "carina", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “carina”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “carina”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “carina”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From car +‎ -ina, because customs was originally paid to the emperor.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡sârina/

• Audio (Central Serbia):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ca‧ri‧na

Noun

cȁrina f (Cyrillic spelling ца̏рина)

1. customs

Declension

Declension of carina

	singular	plural
nominative	carina	carine
genitive	carine	carina
dative	carini	carinama
accusative	carinu	carine
vocative	carino	carine
locative	carini	carinama
instrumental	carinom	carinama

Further reading

• “carina”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

Slovak

Etymology

Ultimately borrowed from Latin carīna (“keel”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkariːna]

Noun

carina f

1. (zoology) The keel of the breastbone of birds.

Declension

Declension of carina
(pattern žena)

	singular	plural
nominative	carina	cariny
genitive	cariny	carín
dative	carine	carinám
accusative	carinu	cariny
locative	carine	carinách
instrumental	carinou	carinami

Further reading

• “carina”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025