craobh

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish cráeb, cróeb, perhaps originally “splittable”, in which case from the root of criathar (“sieve”).

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /kɾˠeːvˠ/
• (Mayo, Ulster) IPA^(key): /kɾˠiːw/

Noun

craobh f (genitive singular craoibhe, nominative plural craobhacha)

1. branch (of a tree, of an organization)

   Synonyms: brainse, géag

2. win, victory, championship (in sport)

   Synonym: bua

Declension

Declension of craobh (second declension)

bare forms singular plural nominative craobh craobhacha vocative a chraobh a chraobhacha genitive craoibhe craobhacha dative craobh craoibh (archaic, dialectal) craobhacha forms with the definite article singular plural nominative an chraobh na craobhacha genitive na craoibhe na gcraobhacha dative leis an gcraobh leis an gcraoibh (archaic, dialectal) don chraobh don chraoibh (archaic, dialectal) leis na craobhacha

• Alternative genitive singular: craobha
• Alternative nominative plural: craobha

Derived terms

• An Chraobh Dhearg
• An Chraobh Rua
• cluiche craoibhe m (“final, championship (game)”)
• craobh fhiáin f (“wayfaring tree”)
• craobh pailme (“palm(-branch)”)
• craobhán m (“small branch, twig”)
• craobhóg f (“small branch, twig”)
• sú craobh f (“raspberry”)

Related terms

• craobhach m (“branches”)
• craobhach (“branching”, adjective)

Mutation

Mutated forms of craobh

radical	lenition	eclipsis
craobh	chraobh	gcraobh

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927), “craoḃ”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 259; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “craobh”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Scottish Gaelic

Craobh.

Etymology

From Middle Irish [Term?], from Old Irish cráeb. Cognates include Irish craobh.

Perhaps originally from the root of criathar (“to sieve”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʰɾɯːv/
• (Wester Ross, Lochalsh) IPA^(key): /kʰɾʲiuː/ (as if spelled criù)
• (South Argyll) IPA^(key): /kʰɾʏːv/, [kɾʏ̠ˑv̥]
• Hyphenation: craobh

Noun

craobh f (dative singular craoibh, genitive singular craoibhe, plural craobhan)

1. tree

Declension

Declension of craobh (class IIa feminine noun)

indefinite
	singular	plural
nominative	craobh	craobhan
genitive	craoibhe	chraobh
dative	craoibh	craobhan; craobhaibh1
definite
	singular	plural
nominative	(a') chraobh	(na) craobhan
genitive	(na) craoibhe	(nan) craobh
dative	(a') chraoibh	(na) craobhan; craobhaibh1
vocative	chraobh	chraobha

¹ archaic or poetic form

• Alternative genitive singular: craoibheadh

Derived terms

• craobh shìor-ghorm f (“evergreen tree”)
• craobh-chuilinn f (“holly tree”)
• craobh-geanmchno f (“chestnut tree”)
• craobh-geanmchno-fhiadhaich f (“horse chestnut tree”)
• craobh-mheas f (“fruit tree”)
• craobh-shloinntearachd f (“family tree”)
• craobh-ubhail f (“apple tree”)
• fàinne-chraoibhe f (“tree ring”)
• gealbhonn nan craobh (“tree sparrow”)
• leòmhann-chraobh m (“griffin”)
• meas-chraobh f (“fruit tree”)
• sùbh-craoibh f (“raspberry”)

Verb

craobh

1. (intransitive) branch out, sprout, bud

Conjugation

Conjugation of craobh (regular)

stem		craobh
verbal noun		craobhadh
past participle		craobhta
		independent		dependent
		active	passive	active	passive
past		chraobh	chraobhadh	chraobh	chraobhadh
future		craobhaidh	craobhar craobhtar	craobh	craobhar craobhtar
conditional	1st singular	chraobhainn	chraobhtadh chraobhaist1 chraobhaiste1	chraobhainn	chraobhtadh chraobhaist1 chraobhaiste1
	1st plural	chraobhamaid chraobhadh sinn		chraobhamaid chraobhadh sinn
	2nd & 3rd	chraobhadh		chraobhadh
relative future		chraobhas	chraobhar
imperative	1st singular	craobham	craobhar craobhtar
	2nd singular	craobh
	3rd singular	craobhadh
	1st plural	craobhamaid
	2nd plural	craobhaibh
	3rd plural	craobhadh

¹ Lewis dialect form

Combined conjugation of craobh (regular)

stem		craobh
verbal noun		craobhadh
past participle		craobhta
		singular			plural			impersonal
		first	second	third m/f	first	second	third
independent	past	chraobh mi	chraobh thu	chraobh e/i	chraobh sinn	chraobh sibh	chraobh iad	chraobhadh
	future	craobhaidh mi	craobhaidh tu	craobhaidh e/i	craobhaidh sinn	craobhaidh sibh	craobhaidh iad	craobhar craobhtar
	conditional	chraobhainn	chraobhadh tu	chraobhadh e/i	chraobhamaid chraobhadh sinn	chraobhadh sibh	chraobhadh iad	chraobhtadh chraobhaist1 chraobhaiste1
negative	past	cha do chraobh mi	cha do chraobh thu	cha do chraobh e/i	cha do chraobh sinn	cha do chraobh sibh	cha do chraobh iad	cha do chraobhadh
	future	cha chraobh mi	cha chraobh thu	cha chraobh e/i	cha chraobh sinn	cha chraobh sibh	cha chraobh iad	cha chraobhar cha chraobhtar
	conditional	cha chraobhainn	cha chraobhadh tu	cha chraobhadh e/i	cha chraobhamaid cha chraobhadh sinn	cha chraobhadh sibh	cha chraobhadh iad	cha chraobhtadh cha chraobhaist1 cha chraobhaiste1
affirmative interrogative	past	an do chraobh mi?	an do chraobh thu?	an do chraobh e/i?	an do chraobh sinn?	an do chraobh sibh?	an do chraobh iad?	an do chraobhadh?
	future	an craobh mi?	an craobh thu?	an craobh e/i?	an craobh sinn?	an craobh sibh?	an craobh iad?	an craobhar? an craobhtar?
	conditional	an craobhainn?	an craobhadh tu?	an craobhadh e/i?	an craobhamaid? an craobhadh sinn?	an craobhadh sibh?	an craobhadh iad?	an craobhtadh? an craobhaist?1 an craobhaiste?1
negative interrogative	past	nach do chraobh mi?	nach do chraobh thu?	nach do chraobh e/i?	nach do chraobh sinn?	nach do chraobh sibh?	nach do chraobh iad?	nach do chraobhadh?
	future	nach craobh mi?	nach craobh thu?	nach craobh e/i?	nach craobh sinn?	nach craobh sibh?	nach craobh iad?	nach craobhar? nach craobhtar?
	conditional	nach craobhainn?	nach craobhadh tu?	nach craobhadh e/i?	nach craobhamaid? nach craobhadh sinn?	nach craobhadh sibh?	nach craobhadh iad?	nach craobhtadh? nach craobhaist?1 nach craobhaiste?1
relative future	affirmative	(ma) chraobhas mi	(ma) chraobhas thu	(ma) chraobhas e/i	(ma) chraobhas sinn	(ma) chraobhas sibh	(ma) chraobhas iad	(ma) chraobhar
	negative	(mur) craobh mi	(mur) craobh thu	(mur) craobh e/i	(mur) craobh sinn	(mur) craobh sibh	(mur) craobh iad	(mur) craobhar (mur) craobhtar
imperative		craobham	craobh	craobhadh e/i	craobhamaid	craobhaibh	craobhadh iad	craobhar craobhtar

¹ Lewis dialect form

Mutation

Mutation of craobh

radical	lenition
craobh	chraobh

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• MacBain, Alexander; Mackay, Eneas (1911), “craobh”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎^[2], Stirling, →ISBN
• Edward Dwelly (1911), “craobh”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cráeb”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Mark, Colin (2003), “craobh”, in The Gaelic–English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 175