cyfannu
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Welsh[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From cyfan (“entire, whole”) + -u (verb-forming suffix).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /kəˈvanɨ̞/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /kəˈvani/
- Rhymes: -anɨ̞
Verb[edit]
cyfannu (first-person singular present cyfannaf)
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | cyfannaf | cyfenni | cyfanna | cyfannwn | cyfennwch, cyfannwch | cyfannant | cyfennir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
cyfannwn | cyfannit | cyfannai | cyfannem | cyfannech | cyfannent | cyfennid | |
| preterite | cyfennais | cyfennaist | cyfannodd | cyfannasom | cyfannasoch | cyfannasant | cyfannwyd | |
| pluperfect | cyfannaswn | cyfannasit | cyfannasai | cyfannasem | cyfannasech | cyfannasent | cyfannasid, cyfannesid | |
| present subjunctive | cyfannwyf | cyfennych | cyfanno | cyfannom | cyfannoch | cyfannont | cyfanner | |
| imperative | — | cyfanna | cyfanned | cyfannwn | cyfennwch, cyfannwch | cyfannent | cyfanner | |
| verbal noun | cyfannu | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | cyfannedig cyfannadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | cyfanna i, cyfannaf i | cyfanni di | cyfannith o/e/hi, cyfanniff e/hi | cyfannwn ni | cyfannwch chi | cyfannan nhw |
| conditional | cyfannwn i, cyfannswn i | cyfannet ti, cyfannset ti | cyfannai fo/fe/hi, cyfannsai fo/fe/hi | cyfannen ni, cyfannsen ni | cyfannech chi, cyfannsech chi | cyfannen nhw, cyfannsen nhw |
| preterite | cyfannais i, cyfannes i | cyfannaist ti, cyfannest ti | cyfannodd o/e/hi | cyfannon ni | cyfannoch chi | cyfannon nhw |
| imperative | — | cyfanna | — | — | cyfannwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Mutation[edit]
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| cyfannu | gyfannu | nghyfannu | chyfannu |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading[edit]
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cyfannu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies