cynorthwyo

Welsh

Etymology

From cynhorthwy (“help, aid, assistance”) +‎ -o.

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˌkənɔrˈθʊɨ̯ɔ/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˌkənɔrˈθʊi̯ɔ/

Verb

cynorthwyo (first-person singular present cynorthwyaf)

1. to help, to aid, to assist

   Synonym: helpu

Conjugation

Conjugation of cynorthwyo (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	cynorthwyaf	cynorthwyi	cynorthwya	cynorthwywn	cynorthwywch	cynorthwyant	cynorthwyir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	cynorthwywn	cynorthwyit	cynorthwyai	cynorthwyem	cynorthwyech	cynorthwyent	cynorthwyid
preterite	cynorthwyais	cynorthwyaist	cynorthwyodd	cynorthwyasom	cynorthwyasoch	cynorthwyasant	cynorthwywyd
pluperfect	cynorthwyaswn	cynorthwyasit	cynorthwyasai	cynorthwyasem	cynorthwyasech	cynorthwyasent	cynorthwyasid, cynorthwyesid
present subjunctive	cynorthwywyf	cynorthwyych	cynorthwyo	cynorthwyom	cynorthwyoch	cynorthwyont	cynorthwyer
imperative	—	cynorthwya	cynorthwyed	cynorthwywn	cynorthwywch	cynorthwyent	cynorthwyer
verbal noun	cynorthwyo
verbal adjectives	cynorthwyedig cynorthwyadwy

Conjugation of cynorthwyo (colloquial)

inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	cynorthwya i, cynorthwyaf i	cynorthwyi di	cynorthwyith o/e/hi, cynorthwyiff e/hi	cynorthwywn ni	cynorthwywch chi	cynorthwyan nhw
conditional	cynorthwywn i, cynorthwyswn i	cynorthwyet ti, cynorthwyset ti	cynorthwyai fo/fe/hi, cynorthwysai fo/fe/hi	cynorthwyen ni, cynorthwysen ni	cynorthwyech chi, cynorthwysech chi	cynorthwyen nhw, cynorthwysen nhw
preterite	cynorthwyais i, cynorthwyes i	cynorthwyaist ti, cynorthwyest ti	cynorthwyodd o/e/hi	cynorthwyon ni	cynorthwyoch chi	cynorthwyon nhw
imperative	—	cynorthwya	—	—	cynorthwywch	—

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

• cynorthwyydd (“assistant”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of cynorthwyo

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
cynorthwyo	gynorthwyo	nghynorthwyo	chynorthwyo

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cynorthwyo”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies