darnel

English

Darnel, Lolium temulentum. Stutensee, Germany.

Etymology

From Middle English darnel, dernel, from Old Northern French darnelle ( > dialectal French dernelle, darnette), of Germanic origin, possibly Proto-West Germanic *darjan (“to harm, injure”). Displaced native Old English boþen.

Related to Walloon darne, derne (“stunned, dazed, drunk”), Middle Dutch verdarnt, verdaernt (“stunned, dumbfounded, angry”). The association with being dazed or drunkenness is due to the well-known intoxicating effects of the plant.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈdɑːnəɫ/

• Audio (Southern England):

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• Audio (Southern England):

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Noun

darnel (usually uncountable, plural darnels)

1. Any of the genus Lolium of grasses, especially as a weed in wheat fields.

   Synonym: ryegrass

   1. Especially, the species Lolium temulentum, often host to a fungus toxic to humans and animals.

   Synonyms: bearded darnel, poison darnel, white darnel

   • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene vi]:

     With harlocks, hemlock, nettles, cuckoo-flowers, / Darnel, and all the idle weeds that grow / In our sustaining corn.

   • 1999, Robert Lacey, Danny Danziger, The Year 1000: What life was like at the turn of The First Millennium, London: Abacus, published 2000, page 102:

     Poppies, hemp, and darnel were scavenged, dried, and ground up to produce a medieval hash brownie known as "crazy bread".

Synonyms

• (Lolium temulentum):

Derived terms

• Persian darnel (Lolium persicum)
• red darnel (Lolium perenne)

Translations

type of ryegrass found in wheatfields

• Armenian: գիժ հաց (hy) (giž hacʻ)
• Basque: iraka
• Bulgarian: глушица (glušica)
• Catalan: jull (ca) m, zitzània (ca) f
• Chinese: 毒麥 / 毒麦 (zh) (dúmài)
• Danish: giftig rajgræs
• Dutch: dolik (nl) f
• Esperanto: lolo
• Finnish: myrkkyraiheinä (fi)
• French: ivraie enivrante (fr) f
• Galician: xoio m, lerica f, tarela f
• German: Taumel-Lolch m, Taumellolch (de) m, Rauschgras n
• Greek:

  Ancient Greek: αἶρα f (aîra), ζιζάνιον n (zizánion)

• Hebrew: זוּן m (zún)
• Hungarian: szédítő vadóc, konkolyperje (hu)
• Italian: zizzania (it) f, loglio (it) m
• Japanese: 毒麦 (dokumugi)
• Latin: lolium n
• Norwegian:

  Nynorsk: skjæraks, svimling, raigras

• Polish: życica roczna f
• Portuguese: joio (pt) m, cizânia (pt) f
• Romanian: sălbăție (ro) f
• Russian: пле́вел опьяня́ющий m (plével opʹjanjájuščij), пле́вел пьяня́щий m (plével pʹjanjáščij), головоло́м (golovolóm)
• Spanish: cizaña (es) f, cizaña forrajera f, espantapájaros (es) m pl
• Swedish: dårrepe (sv)
• Turkish: delice (tr), acımık (tr), karaçayır (tr)
• Venetan: lojo, logio, loi
• Welsh: efrau

See also

• Darnell

References

• “darnel”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• Lolium temulentum on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Lolium temulentum on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
• Category:Lolium temulentum on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
• darnel at USDA Plants database (L. temulentum)
• darnel at USDA Plants database (L. persicum)

Anagrams

• Ladner, learn'd, reland, Randle, Rednal, learnd, enlard, aldern, Nadler, Lander, Lenard, larned, Randel, Larned, lander