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Central Franconian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Article[edit]

(definite, full)

  1. (Ripuarian) masculine nominative and accusative
  2. (Ripuarian) feminine dative
  3. (some dialects of Ripuarian) plural dative

Usage notes[edit]

  • The reduced form of is der, in some dialects also de.
  • Westernmost Ripuarian has no case distinctions in articles. Only nominative forms are relevant for these dialects.

Pronoun[edit]

  1. (Ripuarian) this (one), that (one)

Usage notes[edit]

  • In most dialects, this pronoun inflects just like the article, except that the plural dative is always däne, never .
  • In westernmost Ripuarian, the pronoun, unlike the article, does show case distinctions. The object case of the masculine is döm or däm. For the feminine, neuter and plural there exist the dative forms dör, döm (däm), and dönne. These latter are non-obligatory in all dialects and now probably unused in the Netherlands.

Jersey Dutch[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Dutch daar, from Old Dutch thār, from Proto-Germanic *þar.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

  1. there
  2. (with a preposition) that

Pite Sami[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

  1. then

References[edit]

  • Joshua Wilbur (2014) A grammar of Pite Saami, Berlin: Language Science Press