encliner

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French encliner.

Verb

encliner

1. (reflexive, s'encliner) to give in to; to submit to (an authority, etc.)
   • circa 1369, Jean Froissart, Chroniques:

     les seigneurs de Portingal […] s'enclinoient a luy et a cette election

     the lords of Portugal […] submitted to him and to this choice

Conjugation

• Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of encliner

infinitive	simple	encliner
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2	simple	enclinant
	compound	present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle		encliné
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ie (i’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ilz, elles
(simple tenses)	present	encline	enclines	encline	enclinons	enclinez	enclinent
	imperfect	enclinois, enclinoys	enclinois, enclinoys	enclinoit, enclinoyt	enclinions, enclinyons	encliniez, enclinyez	enclinoient, enclinoyent
	past historic	enclina	enclinas	enclina	enclinasmes	enclinastes	enclinerent
	future	enclinerai, enclineray	enclineras	enclinera	enclinerons	enclinerez	enclineront
	conditional	enclinerois, enclineroys	enclinerois, enclineroys	enclineroit, enclineroyt	enclinerions, enclineryons	enclineriez, enclineryez	enclineroient, enclineroyent
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que ie (i’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	encline	enclines	encline	enclinons	enclinez	enclinent
	imperfect	enclinasse	enclinasses	enclinast	enclinassions	enclinassiez	enclinassent
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	encline	—	enclinons	enclinez	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Related terms

• enclinaison

---

Old French

Alternative forms

• incliner

Etymology

From Latin inclīnāre, present active infinitive of inclīnō (“I incline, I tilt”), from in- + clīnō.

Verb

encliner

1. (transitive) to lean
2. to lower
3. (reflexive, s'encliner) to tend towards

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of encliner (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		encliner			avoir encliné
gerund		en enclinant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		enclinant
past participle		encliné
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	enclin	enclines	encline	enclinons	enclinez	enclinent
	imperfect	enclinoie, enclineie, enclinoe, enclineve	enclinoies, enclineies, enclinoes, enclineves	enclinoit, enclineit, enclinot, enclineve	encliniiens, encliniens	encliniiez, encliniez	enclinoient, enclineient, enclinoent, enclinevent
	preterite	enclinai	enclinas	enclina	enclinames	enclinastes	enclinerent
	future	enclinerai	enclineras	enclinera	enclinerons	enclineroiz, enclinereiz, enclinerez	enclineront
	conditional	enclineroie, enclinereie	enclineroies, enclinereies	enclineroit, enclinereit	enclineriiens, enclineriens	enclineriiez, enclineriez	enclineroient, enclinereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	enclin	enclins	enclint	enclinons	enclinez	enclinent
	imperfect	enclinasse	enclinasses	enclinast	enclinissons, enclinissiens	enclinissoiz, enclinissez, enclinissiez	enclinassent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	encline	—	enclinons	enclinez	—

Descendants

(from the later variant form incliner)

• → English: incline
• French: incliner