ernaid

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *ɸirnati, from Proto-Indo-European *perh₃-. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔπορον (époron). The present stem is unattested in Old Irish, but the inflection as a B IV present (with n suffix) is confirmed by Middle Irish forms.

Verb

ernaid

1. to bestow, to grant

Inflection

Simple, class B IV present, suffixless preterite, reduplicated future, a subjunctive

		1st sg.	2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive sg.	Passive pl.
Present indicative	Abs.
	Conj.
	Rel.
Imperfect indicative
Preterite	Abs.
	Conj.			·ír					·ratha
	Rel.
Perfect	Deut.			ro·ír ronn·ír (with infixed pronoun n-)					ro·ratha
	Prot.
Future	Abs.			ebarthi (with suffixed pronoun -i)				ebarthir
	Conj.
	Rel.
Conditional
Present subjunctive	Abs.
	Conj.			·ǽra (attested as ra·ǽra, a ro-form with infixed pronoun a-)				·erthar (attested as ro·erthar, a ro-form)
	Rel.
Past subjunctive								·erthe (attested as ro·erthe, a ro-form)
Imperative
Verbal noun
Past participle
Verbal of necessity

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ernaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2017) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, page 463
• Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 513