gimti
Lithuanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Baltic *gim-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷm̥-, the zero grade form of *gʷem- (“to go, to come, to step”), with semantic shift "to come (into the world)" > "to be born";[1] note that the word does not seem to descend from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to give birth, produce”) (the usual "born" root in Indo-European), and in fact, the latter root may not be attested in Balto-Slavic, with Proto-Balto-Slavic *źénˀtas (“son-in-law, relative”) being one of, if not the, only possible descendants. Compare Latvian dzìmt (“be born”), Old Prussian gemton (“give birth to”), and, outside of Baltic, Sanskrit गच्छति (gácchati, “to go, move”), English come.
Pronunciation 1
[edit]Verb
[edit]gìmti (third-person present tense gìmsta, third-person past tense gìmė)
- (intransitive) to be born
Conjugation
[edit]singular (vienaskaita) |
plural (daugiskaita) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) |
1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) | |||
aš | tu | jis/ji | mes | jūs | jie/jos | |||
indicative (tiesioginė nuosaka) |
present (esamasis laikas) |
gìmstu | gìmsti | gìmsta | gìmstame, gìmstam |
gìmstate, gìmstat |
gìmsta | |
past (būtasis kartinis laikas) |
gimiaũ | gimeĩ | gìmė | gìmėme, gìmom |
gìmėte, gìmot |
gìmė | ||
past frequentative (būtasis dažninis laikas) |
gìmdavau | gìmdavai | gìmdavo | gìmdavome, gìmdavom |
gìmdavote, gìmdavot |
gìmdavo | ||
future (būsimasis laikas) |
gìmsiu | gìmsi | gìms | gìmsime, gìmsim |
gìmsite, gìmsit |
gìms | ||
subjunctive (tariamoji nuosaka) |
gìmčiau | gìmtum | gìmtų | gìmtumėme, gìmtumėm, gìmtume |
gìmtumėte, gìmtumėt |
gìmtų | ||
imperative (liepiamoji nuosaka) |
— | gìmk, gìmki |
tegìmsta | gìmkime, gìmkim |
gìmkite, gìmkit |
tegìmsta |
Adjectival (dalyviai) | |||
---|---|---|---|
active | passive | ||
present | gìmstąs, gìmstantis | gìmstamas | |
past | gìmęs | gìmtas | |
past frequentative | gìmdavęs | — | |
future | gìmsiąs, gìmsiantis | gìmsimas | |
participle of necessity | — | gìmtinas | |
Adverbial | |||
special (pusdalyvis) | gìmdamas | ||
half-participle (padalyviai) |
present | gìmstant | |
past | gìmus | ||
past frequentative | gìmdavus | ||
future | gìmsiant | ||
manner of action (būdinys) | gìmte, gìmtinai |
Antonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit](verb):
(nouns):
- giminaitis m/giminaitė f
- giminė f
(adjective):
Pronunciation 2
[edit]Participle
[edit]gimtì m (past passive)
Adjective
[edit]gimtì m
References
[edit]- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “gimti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 177
Further reading
[edit]- “gimti” in Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993), Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN