gnīda
Latvian
Etymology
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Balto-Slavic *gniˀdaˀ,[1] from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European *ḱh₃nid-[2]. Cognates include Lithuanian glìnda (< *gninda), Proto-Slavic *gňida ((deprecated template usage) [etyl] Russian, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Ukrainian, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Bulgarian гни́да (gnída), Belarusian гні́да (hnída), Czech hnida, Polish gnida), Old Norse gnit, Swedish gnet, English nit.[3]
Pronunciation
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Noun
gnīda f or m (4th declension)
- nit (lice eggs)
- gnīdas matos ― nits in the hair
- galvas utis apmetas cilvēka matos; pie matiem tās pielīmē savas oliņas - gnīdas ― head lice settle on human hair; and by that hair they stick their eggs: nits
- vārīja ilgi un teica, ka nu vairs neviena gnīda dzīva nebūšot palikusi ― she boiled (the clothes) for a long time and (then) said that not a single living nit had remained
- (figuratively) (also masculine, dat. gnīdam) nit, maggot (despicable, worthless person)
- tas bijis turpat kaimiņa saimnieks, īsts gnīda ― that had been the neighbor, a true nit (= despicable person)
- “tu mani te nebaidi, gnīda!” tēvocis izkliedza ― “so you're not afraid of me here, you maggot!” (his) uncle shouted
Usage notes
In the sense of "nit", gnīda is always feminine; in the sense of "despicable person", however, it is ambigenous. It is masculine when it refers to males and feminine when it refers to females. It is, however, always declined as a feminine noun, with the exception of its dative singular form, which is gnīdam when it refers to a male and gnīdai when it refers to a female.
Declension
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 169
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hnit-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 236
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “gnīda”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
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- lv:Lice