gwrando
Appearance
Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From gwar- (“super-”) + andaw (“listen”),[1] either from (or equivalent to) an- (“intensive prefix”) + taw (“silence”)[2] or by metathesis from Middle Welsh *adnaw (“attend to”)[3] cognate with Latin navus (“active, busy”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈɡwrandɔ/
- (South Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈɡwrandɔ/
- (South Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈɡrandɔ/, /ˈɡrɪndɔ/
- Rhymes: -andɔ
Verb
[edit]gwrando (first-person singular present gwrandawaf)
- to listen
- Dw i’n gwrando ar y radio.
- I’m listening to the radio.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | gwrandawaf | gwarandewi | gwrendy | gwrandawn | gwarandewch | gwrandawant | gwarandewir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | gwrandawn | gwrandawit | gwrandawai | gwrandawem | gwrandawech | gwrandawent | gwarandewid | |
preterite | gwarandewais | gwarandewaist | gwrandawodd | gwrandawsom | gwrandawsoch | gwrandawsant | gwrandawyd | |
pluperfect | gwrandawswn | gwrandawsit | gwrandawsai | gwrandawsem | gwrandawsech | gwrandawsent | gwrandawsid, gwarandewsid | |
present subjunctive | gwrandawyf | gwarandewych | gwrandawo | gwrandawom | gwrandawoch | gwrandawont | gwrandawer | |
imperative | — | gwrando | gwrandawed | gwrandawn | gwarandewch | gwrandawent | gwrandawer | |
verbal noun | gwrando | |||||||
verbal adjectives | gwrandawedig gwrandawadwy |
inflected colloquial forms |
singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | gwrandawa i, gwrandawaf i |
gwrandawi di | gwrandawith o/e/hi, gwrandawiff e/hi |
gwrandawn ni | gwrandewch chi | gwrandawan nhw |
conditional | gwrandawn i, gwrandawswn i |
gwrandawet ti, gwrandawset ti |
gwrandawai fo/fe/hi, gwrandawsai fo/fe/hi |
gwrandawen ni, gwrandawsen ni |
gwrandawech chi, gwrandawsech chi |
gwrandawen nhw, gwrandawsen nhw |
preterite | gwrandawais i, gwrandawes i |
gwrandawaist ti, gwrandawest ti |
gwrandawodd o/e/hi | gwrandawon ni | gwrandawoch chi | gwrandawon nhw |
imperative | — | gwranda | — | — | gwrandewch | — |
inflected colloquial forms |
singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | gwranda i, gwrandaf i |
gwrandi di | gwrandith o/e/hi, gwrandiff e/hi |
gwrandwn ni | gwrandwch chi | gwrandan nhw |
conditional | gwrandwn i, gwrandswn i |
gwrandet ti, gwrandset ti |
gwrandai fo/fe/hi, gwrandsai fo/fe/hi |
gwranden ni, gwrandsen ni |
gwrandech chi, gwrandsech chi |
gwranden nhw, gwrandsen nhw |
preterite | gwrandais i, gwrandes i |
gwrandaist ti, gwrandest ti |
gwrandodd o/e/hi | gwrandon ni | gwrandoch chi | gwrandon nhw |
imperative | — | gwranda | — | — | gwrandwch | — |
Mutation
[edit]radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
---|---|---|---|
gwrando | wrando | ngwrando | unchanged |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
[edit]- ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gwrando”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
- ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “andaw”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
- ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 76 iii 1