head of state (plural heads of state or (rare) heads of states)
- The chief public representative of a nation having duties, privileges and responsibilities varying greatly depending on the constitutional rules; a monarch in a monarchy, and often styled president in a republic, but variations such as collegiality exist.
the chief public representative of a nation
- Afrikaans: staatshoof
- Albanian: krye i shtetit m (indefinite) kreu i shtetit m (definite)
- Arabic: رَئِيس دَوْلَة m (raʔīs dawla)
- Armenian: պետության ղեկավար (petutʻyan ġekavar)
- Asturian: xefe d'estáu m
- Azerbaijani: dövlət başçısı
- Basque: estatuburu
- Belarusian: кіраўні́к дзяржа́вы m (kiraŭník dzjaržávy)
- Bengali: রাষ্ট্রপ্রধান (bn) (raśṭroprodhan)
- Bulgarian: държа́вен глава́ m (dǎržáven glavá)
- Catalan: cap d'estat m
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 國家元首／国家元首 (zh) (guójiā yuánshǒu), 元首 (zh) (yuánshǒu), 政府首腦／政府首脑 (zh) (zhèngfǔ shǒunǎo)
- Chuvash: патшалӑх пуҫлӑхӗ (patšalăh puślăh̬ĕ)
- Czech: hlava státu m or f
- Danish: statsoverhoved (da) n
- Dutch: staatshoofd (nl) n
- Esperanto: ŝtatestro
- Estonian: riigipea
- Finnish: valtionpäämies (fi)
- French: chef d’État (fr) m
- Galician: xefe de estado m
- Georgian: სახელმწიფოს მეთაური (saxelmc̣ipos metauri)
- German: Staatsoberhaupt (de) n, Staatschef (de) m
- Greek: επικεφαλής του κράτους m (epikefalís tou krátous)
- Hebrew: רֹאשׁ־מְדִינָה m (rosh m'diná)
- Hindi: राष्ट्रप्रमुख m (rāṣṭrapramukh), राष्ट्राध्यक्ष m (rāṣṭrādhyakṣ), राज्यप्रमुख m (rājyapramukh)
- Hungarian: államfő (hu)
- Icelandic: þjóðhöfðingi m
- Indonesian: kepala negara (id)
- Irish: ceann stáit m
- Italian: capo di stato m
- Japanese: 国家元首 (ja) (こっかげんしゅ, kokkagenshu), 元首 (ja) (げんしゅ, genshu)
- Karachay-Balkar: къралны башчысы (qralnı başçısı)
- Kazakh: мемлекет басшысы (memleket basşysy)
- Khmer: ប្រមុខរដ្ឋ (prɑmuk rŏət)
- Korean: 국가원수(國家元首) (gukgawonsu), 원수(元首) (ko) (wonsu)
- Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: serokdewlet (ku), serdewlet (ku)
- Kyrgyz: мамлекет башчысы (mamleket başcısı)
- Latvian: valsts vadītājs m
- Lithuanian: valstybės vadovas m
- Luxembourgish: Staatschef m
- Macedonian: шеф на државата m (šef na državata)
- Malay: ketua negara (ms)
- Malayalam: രാഷ്ട്രത്തലവൻ (rāṣṭrattalavaṉ)
- Marathi: राष्ट्रप्रमुख (rāṣṭrapramukh)
- Mongolian:
- Cyrillic: төрийн тэргүүн (mn) (töriin tergüün)
- Nepali: राष्ट्रप्रमुख (rāṣṭrapramukh)
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: statsoverhode (no) n
- Nynorsk: statsoverhovud n
- Occitan: cap d'estat m
- Odia: ରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରମୁଖ୍ୟ (rāshṭramukhya)
- Persian: رئیس کشور (ra'is-e kešvar)
- Polish: głowa państwa (pl) m or f
- Portuguese: chefe de estado m or f
- Romanian: șef de stat m
- Russian: глава́ госуда́рства (ru) m or f (glavá gosudárstva)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: шеф државе m, поглавар државе m, поглавар државни m
- Roman: šef države m, poglavar države m, poglavar državni m
- Sinhalese: රාජ්ය නායක (rājya nāyaka)
- Slovak: hlava štátu m or f
- Slovene: vodja države m
- Southern Altai: эл башчы (el baščï)
- Spanish: jefe de estado m, mandatario (es) m
- Swahili: mkuu wa nchi, mkuu wa dola
- Swedish: statschef (sv) c, statsöverhuvud (sv) n
- Tagalog: pinuno ng estado
- Tajik: сардори давлат (sardor-i davlat)
- Tamil: நாட்டுத் தலைவர் (nāṭṭut talaivar)
- Thai: ประมุขแห่งรัฐ (bprà-múk-hɛ̀ng-rát)
- Turkish: devlet başkanı (tr)
- Ukrainian: голова́ держа́ви m or f (holová deržávy)
- Urdu: سربراہ ریاست m (sarabrāh riyāsat), صدر مملکت (sadar-e-mamlakat)
- Uzbek: davlat boshligʻi
- Vietnamese: nguyên thủ quốc gia (vi) (元首國家), quốc trưởng (vi) (國長)
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