iugerum

Latin

Alternative forms

• jūgerum
• iūger, jūger
• iūgerus, jūgerus

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *jougos (“yoked team of animals”), from Proto-Indo-European *yéwgos. The plural preserves the original consonant-stem forms (from an unattested singular *iūgus), while the singular was back-formed from the nominative-accusative plural as a 2nd declension noun.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈjuː.ɡe.rum/, [ˈjuː.ɡɛ.rũ]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈju.d͡ʒe.rum/, [ˈjuː.d͡ʒe.rum]

Noun

iūgerum n (variously declined, genitive iūgerī); second declension, third declension

1. (historical units of measure) A juger, a Roman unit of area.
   • ante 27 BC, M. Terentius Varro, Res Rusticae in Libri De Re Rustica (1514), bk I, ch. x, p. 29a:

     ILLE. Modos, ꝗbus metirentur rura, alius alios conſtituit. Na᷄ in Hiſpania ulteriore metiuntur iugis, in campania uerſibus, apud nos in agro Romano, ac latino iugeris.

Declension

Second–third-declension hybrid neuter.

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	iūgerum	iūgera
genitive	iūgerī	iūgerum
dative	iūgerō	iūgeribus
accusative	iūgerum	iūgera
ablative	iūgerō	iūgeribus iūgerīs1
vocative	iūgerum	iūgera

¹Once only, in:
M. Terentius Varro, Res Rusticae, bk I, ch. x

Meronyms

• decempeda (¹⁄₂₈₈ iugerum); clima (⅛ iugerum); actus (½ iugerum); heredium (2 iugera); centuria (200 iugera); saltus (800 iugera)

Descendants

• English: jugerum
• French: jugère
• Italian: iugero
• Romanian: iugăr

References

• iugerum in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• iugerum in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “jugerum” in Félix Gaffiot’s Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette (1934)
• iugerum in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers