jøde

See also: jode, Jode, and jodé

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jøːdə/, [ˈjøːðə], [ˈjøːð̩]

Noun

jøde c (singular definite jøden, plural indefinite jøder)

1. Jew

Declension

Declension of jøde

common gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	jøde	jøden	jøder	jøderne
genitive	jødes	jødens	jøders	jødernes

Coordinate terms

• jødinde

Derived terms

• jødisk

Descendants

• → Greenlandic: juuti

Verb

jøde (imperative jød, infinitive at jøde, present tense jøder, past tense jødede, perfect tense har jødet)

1. (slang, derogatory, offensive) to steal

Conjugation

Conjugation of jøde

active passive present jøder jødes past jødede jødedes infinitive jøde jødes imperative jød — participle present jødende past jødet (auxiliary verb have) gerund jøden

References

• “jøde” in Den Danske Ordbog

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Inherited from Old Norse júði (“Jew”), reshaped after Middle Low German jode (“Jew”) (also jude (“Jew”)). Both forms ultimately derive from Latin iūdaeus (“Jew; Jewish”), from Ancient Greek Ἰουδαῖος (Ioudaîos, “Judaean; Jew”), ultimately from Biblical Hebrew יְהוּדָה (Yəhūḏā, “Judah”). The underlying ethnonym originally referred to a member of the tribe of Judah and was later extended to the Jewish people.

Compare Norwegian Nynorsk jøde, Danish jøde, Swedish jude, German Jude and English Jew.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjøː.də/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -øːdə
• Homophone: gjøde
• Hyphenation: jø‧de

Noun

jøde m (definite singular jøden, indefinite plural jøder, definite plural jødene)

1. a Jew; a member of the Jewish people, or a person who belongs to or practices Judaism

   Jøder har status som én av de fem nasjonale minoritetene i Norge. ― Jews have status as one of the five national minorities in Norway.

   • traditional, 1 Kor [1 Corinthians], 12:13:

     vi [dvs. kristne] er jo alle døpt med én Ånd til å være ett legeme, enten vi er jøder eller grekere

     we [that is, Christians] were all baptized by one Spirit into one body, whether Jews or Greeks

   • 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Peer Gynt, page 128:

     af jøden har jeg lært at vente

     from the Jew I have learned to wait

   • 1976, Aksel Sandemose, “Raseskvalp og maktutsvevelse”, in Bakom står hin Onde og hoster så smått, page 28:

     jøde og marxist er i Tysklands offisielle språkbruk ikke til å kjenne fra hverandre

     in Germany's official usage, Jew and Marxist cannot be distinguished from one another

   • 2000, Jan Erik Vold, Mørkets sangerske, pages 87–88:

     oss piner man fordi vi er jøder. Å, jeg må sprenge denne grensen som gjør jøde til jøde, jeg må se jøder uten sår!

     we are tormented because we are Jews. Oh, I must break through this boundary that makes Jew into Jew; I must see Jews without wounds!

   jødenes konge — King of the Jews; especially a biblical title for Christ

   • traditional, Matt [Matthew], 27:29–30:

     [soldatene] hånte ham og sa: Vær hilset, du jødenes konge! Og de spyttet på ham

     [the soldiers] mocked him and said: Hail, King of the Jews! And they spat on him

   • 2012, Eivind Buene, Allsang:

     de er kommet for å hente Jesus Kristus, jødenes konge, som Judas har pekt ut for dem

     they have come to fetch Jesus Christ, King of the Jews, whom Judas has pointed out to them

   den evige jøde — the Wandering Jew, a legendary figure condemned to wander without rest until the Second Coming

   • 1998, Anton Blom, Jødenes vei gjennom historien, page 69:

     den evige jøde – eller den vandrende jøde, Jerusalems skomaker, Ahasverus – den ensomme skikkelsen som beveger seg gjennom århundrene uten hvile, uten stans, uten noen sinne å kunne dø – han eksisterer ikke i jødenes egne forestillinger

     the Wandering Jew—or Jerusalem's shoemaker, Ahasuerus—the solitary figure who moves through the centuries without rest, without stopping, and without ever being able to die—does not exist in the Jews' own traditions

   • 2004, Karsten Alnæs, Historien om Europa 2:

     en trupp med tyske amatørskuespillere oppførte et stykke om den evige jøde for … tsar Aleksej

     a troupe of German amateur actors performed a play about the Wandering Jew for Tsar Alexei

2. (imprecise) a person of partly Jewish ancestry, irrespective of their identity or religion
   • 1992, Bergljot Hobæk Haff, Renhetens pris, page 285:

     hans oldemor hadde vært halvt jøde, men hennes slekt hadde tidlig latt seg kristne

     his great-grandmother had been half Jewish, but her family had converted to Christianity early

3. (offensive, ethnic slur) a greedy, dishonest, or exploitative person, especially a merchant charging excessive prices, based on antisemitic stereotypes
   • 1845, Sophie Dedekam, Dagbok og brev fra en reise til Paris i 1845, page 63:

     naar ei fordelen kommer med i spillet, … ere de [franskmennene] værre end jøder

     when self-interest is not involved, … they [the French] are worse than Jews

   • 1903, Knut Hamsun, I Æventyrland, page 176:

     han var en bedrager, en jøde som forsøgte sig i pengeudpresning

     he was a swindler, a Jew who tried his hand at extortion

Usage notes

• Jøde is the neutral standard term for a Jewish person. The word can also be used as an antisemitic insult; the offensive sense above should not be used descriptively.
• Jøde and israeler (“Israeli”) are not synonyms: Jews may be citizens of any country, while Israelis may be Jewish or non-Jewish. For members of the ancient or biblical Israelite people, use israelitt (“Israelite”).

Derived terms

• jødedom (“Judaism”)
• jødefiende (“enemy of Jews”)
• jødefiendtlig (“hostile towards Jews; antisemitic”)
• jødeforfølgelse (“persecution of Jews”)
• jødehat (“hatred of Jews; antisemitism”)
• jødehater (“person who hates Jews; antisemite”)
• jødekristen (“Jewish Christian”)
• jødekvinne (“Jewish woman”)
• jødeliv (“Jewish life”)
• jødespansk (“Judeo-Spanish”)
• jødevenn (“friend of the Jews”)
• jødevennlig (“friendly towards Jews”)
• jødisk (“Jewish”)

See also

• hebreer (“Hebrew, especially in biblical contexts”)
• israeler (“Israeli”)
• israelitt (“Israelite”)

References

• “jøde” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “jøde” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
• “jøder” in Store norske leksikon.
• Jews on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Jøder on the Norwegian Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^no

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Middle Low German jode (side form jude), from Latin iūdaeus, from Ancient Greek Ἰουδαῖος (Ioudaîos), from Hebrew יְהוּדָה (“Judah”). Cognate with Old Norse júði, Swedish jude.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /jøːdə/
• Homophone: gjøde
• Rhymes: -øːdə

Noun

jøde m

1. Jew

Inflection

Inflection of jøde

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
Nynorsk m	jøde	jøden	jødar	jødane

Coordinate terms

• jødinne

Derived terms

• jødedom
• jødefiendleg
• jødefiendsleg
• jødefolk
• jødeforfylging
• jødeforfølging
• jødehat
• jødehatar
• jødekristen
• jødekvarter
• jødekvinne
• Jødeland
• jødeliv
• jødespansk
• jødestjerne
• jødeven
• jødevenleg
• jødevenn
• jødevennleg
• jødisk

See also

• hebraisk
• hebrear
• Israel
• israelar
• israelsk
• israelitt
• israelittisk
• semitt
• semittisk

References

• “jøde” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
• “jøde” in The Ordnett Dictionary