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jednak

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Kashubian

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Etymology

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Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ís?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynosder.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *edīˀnas
Proto-Slavic *edinъ
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas
Proto-Slavic *-akъ
Proto-Slavic *edinakъ
Proto-Slavic *-o
Proto-Slavic *edьnako
Old Polish jednako
Polish jednakoclip.
Polish jednakbor.
Kashubian jednak

    Borrowed from Polish jednak.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈjɛd.nak/
    • Rhymes: -ɛdnak
    • Syllabification: jed‧nak

    Conjunction

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    jednak

    1. however

    Particle

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    jednak

    1. expresses an unexpected situation; after all

    Further reading

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    • Stefan Ramułt (1893), “jednak”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 61
    • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “jednak”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[2]
    • “jednak”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

    Polish

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    Etymology

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    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *ís?
    Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynosder.
    Proto-Balto-Slavic *edīˀnas
    Proto-Slavic *edinъ
    Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
    Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
    Proto-Indo-European *-kos
    Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos
    Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas
    Proto-Slavic *-akъ
    Proto-Slavic *edinakъ
    Proto-Slavic *-o
    Proto-Slavic *edьnako
    Old Polish jednako
    Polish jednakoclip.
    Polish jednak

      Clipping of jednako.[1][2] First attested in 1500–1547.[3]

      Pronunciation

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      • Audio:(file)
      • Rhymes: -ɛdnak
      • Syllabification: jed‧nak

      Conjunction

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      jednak

      1. however
        Synonyms: atoli, aliści, ale, natomiast, jednakże, niemniej
      2. (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain.
        • 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon‎[3], page 439b:
          Tamen coniunctio, Wſzákże/ yednák wżdy.
          [Tamen coniunctio, Wszakże/ jednak wżdy.]
        • 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon‎[4], page 439b:
          tu tamen perge ut coepisti, Ty yednák pochadzay przedſię yákoś pocżął.
          [tu tamen perge ut coepisti, Ty jednak pochadzaj przedsię jakoś począł.]
        • 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon‎[5], page 489a:
          Verum coniunctio, Ale/ wżdy/ yednák.
          [Verum coniunctio, Ale/ wżdy/ jednak.]

      Particle

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      jednak

      1. expressing an unexpected situation; after all
        Szef powiedział, że jednak musimy przyjść do biura jutro. ― The boss said that we have to come in to the office tomorrow after all.
      2. (Middle Polish) indeed, really, actually
        Synonyms: naprawdę, rzeczywiście, zaprawdę
      3. (Middle Polish) unfortunately
        Synonym: niestety
      4. (Middle Polish) at least
        Synonym: przynajmniej
      5. (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain.
        • 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon‎[6], page 9a:
          Anantapodoton, […] Niezupełne wyrzeczenie słów/ które yednák máyą być rozumiáne.
          [Anantapodoton, […] Niezupełne wyrzeczenie słów/ które jednak mają być rozumiane.]
        • 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon‎[7], page 73d:
          Currentem incitare, Nápomináć tego/ ktory yednák doſyć z ſiebie czini.
          [Currentem incitare, Napominać tego/ który jednak dosyć z siebie czyni.]
        • 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon‎[8], page 509c:
          Vti Yáko gdy. Vtique, Yednak.
          [Vti Jako gdy. Vtique, Jednak.]
        • 1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum‎[9], page 111a:
          Attamen ‒ Wſzakze. Iednak
          [Attamen ‒ Wszakże. Jednak]

      Adverb

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      jednak (not comparable)

      1. (Middle Polish) identically
        Synonyms: jednako, jednakowo
      2. (Middle Polish) unchangingly
        Synonym: niezmiennie

      Descendants

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      • → Kashubian: jednak
      • → Silesian: jednak

      Trivia

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      According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), jednak is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 209 times in scientific texts, 76 times in news, 173 times in essays, 129 times in fiction, and 81 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 668 times, making it the 69th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[4]

      References

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      1. ^ Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “jednak”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
      2. ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “jednak”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
      3. ^ Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “jednak”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
      4. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “jednak”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 163

      Further reading

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      Serbo-Croatian

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      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /jêdnaːk/
      • Hyphenation: jed‧nak

      Adjective

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      jȅdnāk (Cyrillic spelling је̏дна̄к, definite jȅdnākī)

      1. equal, identical, same
        Broj pasa i mačaka je jednak. ― The number of cats and dogs is equal.

      Declension

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      indefinite forms
      singular masculine feminine neuter
      nominative jednak jednaka jednako
      genitive jednaka jednake jednaka
      dative jednaku jednakoj jednaku
      accusative inanimate
      animate       		jednak
      jednaka             		jednaku jednako
      vocative jednak jednaka jednako
      locative jednaku jednakoj jednaku
      instrumental jednakim jednakom jednakim
      plural masculine feminine neuter
      nominative jednaki jednake jednaka
      genitive jednakih jednakih jednakih
      dative jednakim(a) jednakim(a) jednakim(a)
      accusative jednake jednake jednaka
      vocative jednaki jednake jednaka
      locative jednakim(a) jednakim(a) jednakim(a)
      instrumental jednakim(a) jednakim(a) jednakim(a)
      definite forms
      singular masculine feminine neuter
      nominative jednaki jednaka jednako
      genitive jednakog(a) jednake jednakog(a)
      dative jednakom(u/e) jednakoj jednakom(u/e)
      accusative inanimate
      animate       		jednaki
      jednakog(a)             		jednaku jednako
      vocative jednaki jednaka jednako
      locative jednakom(e/u) jednakoj jednakom(e/u)
      instrumental jednakim jednakom jednakim
      plural masculine feminine neuter
      nominative jednaki jednake jednaka
      genitive jednakih jednakih jednakih
      dative jednakim(a) jednakim(a) jednakim(a)
      accusative jednake jednake jednaka
      vocative jednaki jednake jednaka
      locative jednakim(a) jednakim(a) jednakim(a)
      instrumental jednakim(a) jednakim(a) jednakim(a)

      Silesian

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      Etymology

      [edit]
      Etymology tree
      Proto-Indo-European *ís?
      Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynosder.
      Proto-Balto-Slavic *edīˀnas
      Proto-Slavic *edinъ
      Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
      Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
      Proto-Indo-European *-kos
      Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos
      Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas
      Proto-Slavic *-akъ
      Proto-Slavic *edinakъ
      Proto-Slavic *-o
      Proto-Slavic *edьnako
      Old Polish jednako
      Polish jednakoclip.
      Polish jednakbor.
      Silesian jednak

        Borrowed from Polish jednak.

        Pronunciation

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        Conjunction

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        jednak

        1. however
          Synonyms: ale, atoli, jednakowōż, jednakōż, jednakże

        Particle

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        jednak

        1. expressing an unexpected situation; after all

        Further reading

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        Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=jednak&oldid=89213267"