jnm

Egyptian

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Afroasiatic. Compare Central Atlas Tamazight ⵉⵍⵎ (ilm).

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /jaˈnam/ → /jaˈnam/ → /ʔaˈnam/ → /ʔaˈnam/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /jaˈnam/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /jaˈnam/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʔaˈnam/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʔaˈnam/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /inɛm/
  • Conventional anglicization: inem

Noun

 m

1. skin of a human or animal
2. hide, pelt, removed skin of an animal
3. leather
4. color of skin
5. hues, colors (of the sky, cloth, etc.)
6. (figurative) exterior, appearance, form

Usage notes

In late writings this word becomes confused with jwn (“color”) and is sometimes written identically.

Inflection

Declension of jnm (masculine)

singular	jnm
dual	jnmwj
plural	jnmw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jnm  

jnm	jnm	jnm	jnmm	jwnm
	[Old Kingdom]	[18th Dynasty]	[Late Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]

Descendants

• Demotic: ꜣnm
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲛⲟⲙ (anom)

References

• “jnm (lemma ID 27420)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 96.14–96.20
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 23
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 126.