koine

See also: Koine, Koiné, koiné, and koinè

English

WOTD – 21 November 2012

Alternative forms

• coene (rare), koiné

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κοινή (koinḗ), feminine form of κοινός (koinós, “common, general”). Doublet of koinon.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈkɔɪneɪ/, /ˈkɔɪniː/

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /kɔɪˈneɪ/, /ˈkɔɪˌneɪ/, /ˈkɔɪˌni/

  • Audio (US):

    (file)

  • Rhymes: -eɪ

Noun

koine (plural koines or koinai)

1. A linguistic variety that has developed in supraregional contact between speakers of various interrelated dialects, typically in such a way that features shared by several dialects prevail and those of limited distribution are avoided.
   • 2004, Steven Roger Fischer, A History of Language, Reaktion Books, page 178:

     If a dominant language was spoken in the area of such trade routes, then this dominant language became the ‘interlanguage’, as it is called. Such an interlanguage, or koiné, is a simplified dialect with which speakers of two or more quite different dialects communicate with one another.

   • 2013, J. E. Wansborough, Lingua Franca in the Mediterranean, Routledge, page 153:

     Now, another term for that product is koine, which, however, I have regularly […] employed in reference to the infrastructure (procedural, juridical, formal, cultural) that enables and informs composition of a lingua franca. […] In linguistic scholarship koine mostly (!) refers to a standard language expanded by input from several dialectal sources with concomitant levelling of morphological and syntactic differences and adoption of a general and possibly restricted lexicon.

2. A lingua franca.

   Synonym: interlanguage

   • 2018 June 1, Charles M. Kieffer, “AFGHANISTAN v. Languages”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, pages 501-516:

     Darī (q.v.) is a term long recommended by Afghan authorities to designate Afghan Persian in contrast to Iranian Persian; a written language common to all educated Afghanis, Darī must not be confused with Kābolī, the dialect of Kabul and surrounding areas that is more or less understood by eighty percent of the non-Persian speaking population and is fast becoming the nation’s koine.

Derived terms

• koineisation, koinëisation (linguistics)

Related terms

• Koine

Translations

regional language that becomes standard

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 共同語 / 共同语 (zh) (gòng tóng yǔ)

• Danish: koinesprog n, koine
• French: koinè (fr) f
• German: Koine (de) f
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: koinéspråk n

  Nynorsk: koinéspråk n

• Polish: koine (pl) n
• Portuguese: koiné (pt) m or f
• Spanish: koiné (es) f

lingua franca

• Catalan: koiné (ca) f
• Danish: koinesprog n, koine
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: koinéspråk n

  Nynorsk: koinéspråk n

• Spanish: koiné (es) f

Anagrams

• eikon, enoki, Kenio-

Kari'na

Etymology

From Proto-Cariban *koine; compare Apalaí kokonie, Trió kokonje.

Pronunciation

• (Venezuela) IPA^(key): [koɲɲe]
• (West Suriname) IPA^(key): [kojʝe]
• (East Suriname) IPA^(key): [kojɲe]

Adverb

koine

1. by evening or afternoon, in the afternoon

Derived terms

• koinaro

References

• Courtz, Hendrik (2008), A Carib grammar and dictionary‎^[1], Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, page 297
• Ahlbrinck, Willem (1931), “koye”, in Encyclopaedie der Karaïben, Amsterdam: Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, page 230; republished as Willem Ahlbrinck, Doude van Herwijnen, transl., L'Encyclopédie des Caraïbes‎^[2], Paris, 1956, page 224
• Yamada, Racquel-María (2010), “koije”, in Speech community-based documentation, description, and revitalization: Kari’nja in Konomerume‎^[3], University of Oregon, page 750

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

koine m (definite singular koineen, indefinite plural koineer, definite plural koineene)

1. alternative spelling of koiné

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

koine m (definite singular koineen, indefinite plural koinear, definite plural koineane)

1. alternative spelling of koiné

Polish

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κοινή (koinḗ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔˈi.nɛ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -inɛ
• Syllabification: ko‧i‧ne

Noun

koine n (indeclinable)

1. (historical) Koine Greek (common supra-regional form of Greek spoken and written during the Hellenistic period, the Roman Empire, and the early Byzantine Empire)
2. (linguistics) koine (regional language that becomes standard over time)

Further reading

• “koine”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[4] (in Polish)
• koine in PWN's encyclopedia

Anagrams

• konie

Portuguese

Noun

koine f or m (plural koines)

1. alternative form of koiné

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French koiné.

Noun

koine f (uncountable)

1. koine, lingua franca

Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Please edit the entry and supply |def= and |pl= parameters to the {{ro-noun-f}} template.