krjúpa

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse krjúpa, from Proto-Germanic *kreupaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“turn, wind”). Cognate with Norwegian krype, Swedish krypa, Danish krybe, English creep, Dutch kruipen.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkʰrjuːpa/

  Rhymes: -uːpa

Verb

krjúpa (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative kraup, third-person plural past indicative krupu, supine kropið)

1. (intransitive) to kneel down, to genuflect, to get down on one's knees

Conjugation

krjúpa – active voice (germynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að krjúpa
supine sagnbót		kropið
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		krjúpandi
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	krýp	kraup		krjúpi	krypi
	þú	krýpur	kraupst		krjúpir	krypir
	hann, hún, það	krýpur	kraup		krjúpi	krypi
plural	við	krjúpum	krupum		krjúpum	krypum
	þið	krjúpið	krupuð		krjúpið	krypuð
	þeir, þær, þau	krjúpa	krupu		krjúpi	krypu
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	krjúp (þú), krjúptu
plural	þið	krjúpið (þið), krjúpiði1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

kropinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	kropinn	kropin	kropið	kropnir	kropnar	kropin
accusative (þolfall)	kropinn	kropna	kropið	kropna	kropnar	kropin
dative (þágufall)	kropnum	kropinni	kropnu	kropnum	kropnum	kropnum
genitive (eignarfall)	kropins	kropinnar	kropins	kropinna	kropinna	kropinna
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	kropni	kropna	kropna	kropnu	kropnu	kropnu
accusative (þolfall)	kropna	kropnu	kropna	kropnu	kropnu	kropnu
dative (þágufall)	kropna	kropnu	kropna	kropnu	kropnu	kropnu
genitive (eignarfall)	kropna	kropnu	kropna	kropnu	kropnu	kropnu

Derived terms

• hnékrjúpa, knékrjúpa
• krjúpandi

References

• Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989), “krjúpa”, in Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.)

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kreupaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“turn, wind”).

Verb

krjúpa (singular past indicative kraup, plural past indicative krupu, past participle kropinn)

1. to creep, crouch
   • 1066, Haraldr harðráði Sigurðarson, Lausavísur 14, in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 55-6., retrieved at the Skaldic Database

     Krjúpum vér fyr vápna
     (valteigs) brǫkun eigi
     (svá bauð Hildr) at hjaldri
     (haldorð) í bug skjaldar.

     We [I] do not creep into the hollow of the shield in battle because of the crash of weapons; thus the faithful Hildr <valkyrie> of the falcon-field [ARM > WOMAN] commanded.

2. to fall prostrate, kneel

Conjugation

Conjugation of krjúpa — active (strong class 2)

infinitive	krjúpa
present participle	krjúpandi
past participle	kropinn
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	krýp	kraup		krjúpa	krypa
2nd person singular	krýpr	kraupt		krjúpir	krypir
3rd person singular	krýpr	kraup		krjúpi	krypi
1st person plural	krjúpum	krupum		krjúpim	krypim
2nd person plural	krjúpið	krupuð		krjúpið	krypið
3rd person plural	krjúpa	krupu		krjúpi	krypi
imperative	present
2nd person singular	krjúp
1st person plural	krjúpum
2nd person plural	krjúpið

Conjugation of krjúpa — mediopassive (strong class 2)

infinitive	krjúpask
present participle	krjúpandisk
past participle	kropizk
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	krjúpumk	krupumk		krjúpumk	krypumk
2nd person singular	krýpsk	kraupzk		krjúpisk	krypisk
3rd person singular	krýpsk	kraupsk		krjúpisk	krypisk
1st person plural	krjúpumsk	krupumsk		krjúpimsk	krypimsk
2nd person plural	krjúpizk	krupuzk		krjúpizk	krypizk
3rd person plural	krjúpask	krupusk		krjúpisk	krypisk
imperative	present
2nd person singular	krjúpsk
1st person plural	krjúpumsk
2nd person plural	krjúpizk

Descendants

• Icelandic: krjúpa
• Faroese: krúpa
• Norwegian:
  • Norwegian Bokmål: krype
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: krype, krypa
• Old Swedish: krȳpa
  • Swedish: krypa
• Old Danish: krȳpæ
  • Danish: krybe
• Elfdalian: kriuopa
• Gutnish: kräupe
• Scanian: krýba
• → Scottish Gaelic: crùb

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “krjúpa”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive