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ktoś

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: któś

Old Polish

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Etymology

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    From kto + . First attested in 1455.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /ktɔɕ/
    • IPA(key): (15th CE) /ktɔɕ/

    Pronoun

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    ktoś m

    1. indeterminate personal pronoun; someone, somebody

    Declension

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    Descendants

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    References

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    • Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “ktoś”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
    • Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “ktoś”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
    • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “ktoś”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

    Polish

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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      Inherited from Old Polish ktoś. By surface analysis, kto +‎ . Compare Kashubian chtos and Slovincian chtesz.

      Pronunciation

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      • Audio 1:(file)
      • Audio 2:(file)
      • Rhymes: -ɔɕ
      • Syllabification: ktoś

      Pronoun

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      ktoś m pers

      1. indeterminate personal pronoun; someone, somebody
        Synonym: kto
      2. indefinite personal pronoun; someone, somebody; anyone, anybody
        Synonym: ktokolwiek
      3. pronoun referring to a person considered more important; someone, somebody
        Antonym: nikt
      4. pronoun indicating a person as a separate idea; someone, somebody

      Declension

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      Noun

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      ktoś m pers

      1. (colloquial, often ironic) used when someone wants to refer to a person indirectly, as the speaker considers that person better; someone, somebody; person

      Declension

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      Derived terms

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      verbs

      Trivia

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      According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), ktoś is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 4 times in scientific texts, 1 time in news, 30 times in essays, 84 times in fiction, and 107 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 226 times, making it the 241st most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

      References

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      1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “ktoś”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 207

      Further reading

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      Silesian

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      Pronunciation

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      Etymology 1

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      See ftoś.

      Pronoun

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      ktoś m pers

      1. alternative form of ftoś
      Declension
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      Declension of ktoś
      singular
      nominative ktoś
      genitive kogoś
      dative kōmuś
      accusative kogoś
      instrumental kimś
      locative kimś

      Etymology 2

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      From a reduction of kto +‎ żeś.

      Pronoun

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      ktoś

      1. aorist of kto

      Further reading

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