lacer

English

Etymology

lace +‎ -er

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈleɪs.ə(ɹ)/
• Rhymes: -eɪsə(r)
• Homophone: laser (Etymology 2)

Noun

lacer (plural lacers)

1. A person or thing who laces

Anagrams

• 'clare, Carle, Clare, Clear, carle, clear

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French

Etymology

See lacs

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /la.se/

Verb

lacer

1. to lace, to lace up

Conjugation

This verb is part of a group of -er verbs for which 'c' is softened to a 'ç' before the vowels 'a' and 'o'.

Conjugation of lacer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	lacer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	laçant /la.sɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		lacé /la.se/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	lace /las/	laces /las/	lace /las/	laçons /la.sɔ̃/	lacez /la.se/	lacent /las/
	imperfect	laçais /la.sɛ/	laçais /la.sɛ/	laçait /la.sɛ/	lacions /la.sjɔ̃/	laciez /la.sje/	laçaient /la.sɛ/
	past historic2	laçai /la.se/	laças /la.sa/	laça /la.sa/	laçâmes /la.sam/	laçâtes /la.sat/	lacèrent /la.sɛʁ/
	future	lacerai /la.sʁe/	laceras /la.sʁa/	lacera /la.sʁa/	lacerons /la.sʁɔ̃/	lacerez /la.sʁe/	laceront /la.sʁɔ̃/
	conditional	lacerais /la.sʁɛ/	lacerais /la.sʁɛ/	lacerait /la.sʁɛ/	lacerions /la.sə.ʁjɔ̃/	laceriez /la.sə.ʁje/	laceraient /la.sʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	lace /las/	laces /las/	lace /las/	lacions /la.sjɔ̃/	laciez /la.sje/	lacent /las/
	imperfect2	laçasse /la.sas/	laçasses /la.sas/	laçât /la.sa/	laçassions /la.sa.sjɔ̃/	laçassiez /la.sa.sje/	laçassent /la.sas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	lace /las/	—	laçons /la.sɔ̃/	lacez /la.se/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Related terms

• lacet

Further reading

• “lacer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• caler, racle, raclé

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Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *lek- (“to tear, rend”); see also Albanian lakur (“naked”), Russian лочма (ločma, “scrap, tatter, rag”), and Ancient Greek λᾰκίζω (lakízō, “to tear to pieces”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈla.ker/, [ˈɫ̪äkɛr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈla.t͡ʃer/, [ˈläːt͡ʃer]

Adjective

lacer (feminine lacera, neuter lacerum); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)

1. lacerated, mangled, torn to pieces

Declension

First/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er).

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	lacer	lacera	lacerum		lacerī	lacerae	lacera
Genitive	lacerī	lacerae	lacerī		lacerōrum	lacerārum	lacerōrum
Dative	lacerō		lacerō		lacerīs
Accusative	lacerum	laceram	lacerum		lacerōs	lacerās	lacera
Ablative	lacerō	lacerā	lacerō		lacerīs
Vocative	lacer	lacera	lacerum		lacerī	lacerae	lacera

Related terms

• lacerābilis
• lacerātiō
• lacerātor
• lacerātrix
• lacerō

References

• “lacer”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “lacer”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• lacer in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

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Old French

Verb

lacer

1. Alternative form of lacier

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-c, *-cs, *-ct are modified to z, z, zt. In addition, c becomes ç before an a, o or u to keep the /ts/ sound intact. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of lacer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		lacer			avoir lacé
gerund		en laçant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		laçant
past participle		lacé
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	laz	laces	lace	laçons	lacez	lacent
	imperfect	laçoie, laceie, laçoe, laceve	laçoies, laceies, laçoes, laceves	laçoit, laceit, laçot, laceve	laciiens, laciens	laciiez, laciez	laçoient, laceient, laçoent, lacevent
	preterite	laçai	laças	laça	laçames	laçastes	lacerent
	future	lacerai	laceras	lacera	lacerons	laceroiz, lacereiz, lacerez	laceront
	conditional	laceroie, lacereie	laceroies, lacereies	laceroit, lacereit	laceriiens, laceriens	laceriiez, laceriez	laceroient, lacereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	laz	laz	lazt	laçons	lacez	lacent
	imperfect	laçasse	laçasses	laçast	lacissons, lacissiens	lacissoiz, lacissez, lacissiez	laçassent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	lace	—	laçons	lacez	—