lawm

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White Hmong[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Chinese 了 (le, “perfective marker”).[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Particle[edit]

lawm

  1. perfective marker, sign of completed action or past tense
    mus teb lawm ― went to the fields
    Peb mus lawm. ― We are going (i.e. the start of our departure has been accomplished).

References[edit]

  • Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979) White Hmong — English Dictionary‎[1], SEAP Publications, →ISBN, page 108.
  1. ^ Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN, page 227.
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